Login ¡¡ ¢· ¢¹ ¡¡ Mobile II
Hint Food ¸À°úÇâ Diet Health ºÒ·®Áö½Ä ÀÚ¿¬°úÇÐ My Book À¯Æ©ºê Frims ¿ø ·á Á¦ Ç° Update Site

½ÄÇ°¾ÈÀü ¡í ¹æ»ç¼±, GMO ¡í GMO

¼¼¶ó¸®´Ï : EU°ø½ÄÀÇ°ßÀº ¿¬±¸ÁúÀÌ ºÒÃæºÐÇÏ´Ù

GMO
- GM ¹ÌÁöÀÇ À§ÇèÀÌ ¸¹´Ù´Â ÁÖÀå
- GM »ý°¢º¸´Ù ¾ÈÀüÇÏ´Ù´Â ÁÖÀå
- ¸ó»êÅä Á¦ÃÊÁ¦ ³í¶õ
- ¼¼¶ó¸®´Ï, ¾ÏÀ» À¯¹ßÇÑ´Ù°í¿ä?
- ¹ß¾Ï¼º °ËÁõ ½ÇÇèÀÌ ½±Áö ¾Ê´Ù

Republished study: long-term toxicity of a Roundup herbicide and a Roundup-tolerantgenetically modified maize
https://enveurope.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12302-014-0014-5

 

The European Food Safety Authority has concluded that a recent paper raising concerns about the potential toxicity of genetically modified (GM) maize NK603 and of a herbicide containing glyphosate is of insufficient scientific quality to be considered as valid for risk assessment.
EFSA¡¯s initial review found that the design, reporting and analysis of the study, as outlined in the paper, are inadequate. To enable the fullest understanding of the study the Authority has invited authors Séralini et al to share key additional information.
Such shortcomings mean that EFSA is presently unable to regard the authors¡¯ conclusions as scientifically sound. The numerous issues relating to the design and methodology of the study as described in the paper mean that no conclusions can be made about the occurrence of tumours in the rats tested.
Therefore, based on the information published by the authors, EFSA does not see a need to re-examine its previous safety evaluation of maize NK603 nor to consider these findings in the ongoing assessment of glyphosate.
EFSA assessed the paper against recognised good scientific practices, such as internationally agreed study and reporting guidelines.
Per Bergman, who led EFSA¡¯s work, said: ¡°Some may be surprised that EFSA¡¯s statement focuses on the methodology of this study rather than its outcomes; however, this goes to the very heart of the matter. When conducting a study it is crucial to ensure a proper framework is in place. Having clear objectives and the correct design and methodology create a solid base from which accurate data and valid conclusions can follow. Without these elements a study is unlikely to be reliable and valid.¡±
The Director of Scientific Evaluation of Regulated Products added that the consideration of possible long-term effects of GMOs has been, and will continue to be, a key focus of EFSA¡¯s work to protect animals, humans and the environment.
EFSA¡¯s preliminary review issued today is the first step in a two-stage process. A second analysis will be delivered by the end of October 2012.  This will take into account any additional information from the study authors, who will be given an opportunity to supply study documentation and procedures to the Authority to ensure the broadest possible understanding of their work. It will also include an overview of Member State assessments of the paper and an analysis from the German authorities responsible for the assessment of glyphosate.

Main findings of Initial Review

The task force, whose members were drawn from the Authority¡¯s GMO, pesticide and scientific assessment units, has outlined a list of issues about the paper that would need to be resolved before it could be viewed as well-conducted and properly-reported study.

- The strain of rat used in the two-year study is prone to developing tumours during their life expectancy of approximately two years. This means the observed frequency of tumours is influenced by the natural incidence of tumours typical of this strain, regardless of any treatment. This is neither taken into account nor discussed by the authors.

- The authors split the rats into 10 treatment sets but established only one control group. This meant there was no appropriate control for four sets – some 40% of the animals - all of whom were fed GM maize treated or not treated with a herbicide containing glyphosate.

- The paper has not complied with internationally-recognised standard methods – known as protocols - for setting up and carrying out experiments. Many of these procedures are developed by the OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development).

- For a study of this type, the relevant OECD guideline specifies the need for a minimum of 50 rats per treatment group. Séralini et al used only 10 rodents per treatment set. The low number of animals used is insufficient to distinguish between the incidence of tumours due to chance rather than specific treatment effects.

- The authors have not stated any objectives, which are the questions a study is designed to answer. Research objectives define crucial factors such as the study design, correct sample size, and the statistical methods used to analyse data - all of which have a direct impact on the reliability of findings.

- No information is given about the composition of the food given to the rats, how it was stored or details of harmful substances – such as mycotoxins – that it might have contained.

- It is not possible to properly evaluate the exposure of the rats to the herbicide as intake is not clearly reported. The authors report only the application rate of the herbicide used to spray the plants and the concentration added to the rats¡¯ drinking water but report no details about the volume of the feed or water consumed.

- The paper does not employ a commonly-used statistical analysis method nor does it state if the method was specified prior to starting the study. The validity of the method used is queried and there are questions over the reporting of tumour incidence. Important data, such as a summary of drop outs and an estimation of unbiased treatment effects have not been included in the paper.

- Many endpoints – what is measured in the study – have not been reported in the paper. This includes relevant information on lesions, other than tumours, that were observed. EFSA has called on the authors to report all endpoints in the name of openness and transparency.

À¯·´½ÄÇ°±âÁØûÀÇ°ß¿¡ ´ëÇÑ  ¹Ý·Ð  


http://www.chsc.or.kr/?post_type=reference&p=3533

EFSA°¡ ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â initial reviewÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä ¹ß°ß
1. ½ÇÇè¿ë ÁÖÀÇ strainÀÌ ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
2. ÀúÀÚµéÀº 10°³ÀÇ ½ÇÇ豺À» ³ª´©¸é¼­ ´ëÁ¶±ºÀ» 1°³¸¸ ¼³Á¤Çß´Ù.
3. OECD °¡À̵å¶óÀÎÀ» µû¸£Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
4. ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ 50¸¶¸®ÀÇ Áã·Î ½ÇÇ豺À» ±¸¼ºÇØ¾ß Çϴµ¥, ¼¼¶ó¸®´ÏÆÀÀº 10¸¶¸®·Î ½ÇÇ豺À» ±¸¼ºÇß´Ù.
5. ÀúÀÚµéÀº ½ÇÇèÀÇ ¸ñÀû¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹àÈ÷Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.½ÇÇè¸ñÀûÀº ¿¬±¸¼³°è, ÀûÀýÇÑ »ùÇà ũ±â, µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ºÐ¼®Çϴµ¥ ¾²ÀÌ´Â Åë°è¹æ¹ý µîÀ» °áÁ¤Çϴµ¥ ¾ÆÁÖ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù.
6. Áã¿¡°Ô ±Þ¿©ÇÑ »ç·áÀÇ ¼ººÐ¿¡ ´ëÇØ Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. »ç·á¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô ÀúÀåÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç, ¸¶ÀÌÄÚÅå½Å °°Àº À§ÇØÇÑ ¹°Áú¿¡ ¿À¿°µÇ¾ú´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¹àÈ÷Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
7. Áã°¡ ¶ó¿îµå¾÷ Á¦ÃÊÁ¦¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô ¼·ÃëÇß°í, ¾î¶»°Ô ³ëÃâµÇ¾ú´ÂÁö ÀûÀýÇÏ°Ô Æò°¡ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ÀúÀÚµéÀÇ º¸°í¼­¿£ ½Ä¹°¿¡ Á¦ÃÊÁ¦¸¦ ºÐ¹«ÇßÀ¸¸ç, ƯÁ¤ ³óµµ·Î ÁãÀÇ À½¼ö¿¡ ¼¯¾î¼­ ±Þ¿©Çß´Ù´Â ³»¿ë¸¸ ³ª¿ÀÁö ÁãµéÀÌ ¼ÒºñÇÑ »ç·á ¹× ¹°ÀÇ Àüü¾ç¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
8. ¼¼¶ó¸®´ÏÆÀÀÇ ³í¹®Àº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â Åë°èÇÐÀû ºÐ¼®¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
9. º´º¯(lesions), ´Ù¸¥ Á¾¾ç ¹× °üÂûµÈ °Íµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü·Ã Á¤º¸¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­ ÃøÁ¤µÈ °ÍÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö¿Í °°Àº ¸¹Àº Á¾°áÁ¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ º¸°í¼­¿¡¼­
¹àÈ÷Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.


ºñÆÇ 1. ½ÇÇ赿¹°À» À߸ø ¼±ÅÃÇß´Ù°í ÁöÀû – ½ÇÇ赿¹°·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats´Â Á¾¾çÀÌ Àß »ý±â´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ GM ¿Á¼ö¼ö³ª ¶ó¿îµå¾÷ Á¦ÃÊÁ¦·Î ÀÎÇØ Á¾¾çÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇß´Ù´Â °á·ÐÀ» µµÃâÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
->[¹Ý¹Ú]
ÀÌ ºñÆÇÀÇ °¡Àå Å« ¸ÍÁ¡Àº ´ëÁ¶±º°ú ºñ±³ÇØ º¼ ¶§ GM ¿Á¼ö¼ö³ª ¶ó¿îµå¾÷ Á¦ÃÊÁ¦¿¡ ³ëÃâµÈ ½ÇÇ豺¿¡¼­ Á¾¾çÀÌ ´õ¿í ÇöÀúÇÏ°Ô ¸¹ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇß´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¹«½ÃÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. ¼¼¶ó¸®´Ï ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº ÀÌÅ»¸®¾ÆÀÇ ¶ó¸¶´ÏÂî´Ï ¿¬±¸¼Ò(Ramazzini Institute)¿¡¼­ the Sprague-Dawley (SD) ratÀº Àå±â ¹ß¾Ï¼º
¿¬±¸¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¶Ù¾î³­ human-equivalent modelÀ̶ó´Â È®¸³µÈ ¼±Çà ¿¬±¸°á°ú ÀÖ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù
½ÇÁ¦·Î SD Áã´Â ³ªÀÌ°¡ µé¾î°¨¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ ÀÚ¿¬¹ß»ýÀûÀ¸·Î º¸´Ù ´õ ¸¹Àº ¾ÏÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏÁö¸¸, Àΰ£ÀÇ °æ¿ìµµ ¸¶Âù°¡ÁöÀÌ´Ù. Àΰ£Ã³·³ SD Áãµµ ȯ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ¹ß¾ÏÀÎÀÚ¿¡ ³ëÃâµÇ¾î ¾ÏÀ¸·Î ¹ßÀüÇÑ´Ù.

ºñÆÇ 2. ´ëÁ¶±ºÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ°¡ ³Ê¹« Àû´Ù. ½ÇÇè¿ë Áã¿¡¼­ ³ªÅ¸³­ ¹«ÀÛÀ§ÀûÀÎ º¯ÀÌ(random variation)°¡ Á¾¾çÀ¸·Î ¹ßÀüÇÑ °Íó·³ º¸ÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¡µç¹ö·¯ ´ëÇÐÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷»ý¹°ÇÐÀÚ ¾Ø¼­´Ï Æ®·¹¿Í¹Ù½º(Anthony Trewavas ) ±³¼ö´Â ¡°ÀÌ ¿¬±¸¿¡ °Ü¿ì 200¸¶¸®ÀÇ Áã°¡ »ç¿ëµÆÀ» »ÓÀ̶ó¸é¼­ ÀÌ´Â ÀÇ¹Ì ÀÖ´Â °á·ÐÀ» µµÃâÇϱ⿣ ³Ê¹« ÀûÀº ¼ö¡±¶ó°í ÁöÀûÇß´Ù. ±×´Â ¿¬±¸¸¦ À̲ö Áú-¿¡¸¯ ¼¼¶ó¸®´Ï ±³¼ö°¡ GM ¹Ý´ë¿îµ¿°¡À̸ç GM ±â¼úÀÇ ¾ÈÀü¼º¿¡ Àǹ®À» Á¦±âÇÑ ±×ÀÇ ÀÌÀü ¿¬±¸µéµµ °ËÁõµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀ̶ó°í ºñÆÇÇß´Ù.
–> [´ëÀÀ]
¸ó»êÅä°¡ ¹Ì ½Ä¾àûÀÇ ½ÂÀÎÀ» À§ÇØ Á¦ÃâÇÑ ½ÇÇèÀÚ·á¿¡¼­µµ ½ÇÇ豺 20¸¶¸®, ´ëÁ¶±º 10¸¶¸®¿´´Ù. °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ »ç½ÇÀº ´ëÁ¶±º°ú ½ÇÇ豺¿¡¼­ °¢°¢ Á¾¾ç ¹ß»ýºóµµ°¡ ¾ÆÁÖ Å« Â÷ÀÌ·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. ½ÇÇè¿ë Áã¿¡¼­ ³ªÅ¸³­ ¹«ÀÛÀ§ÀûÀÎ º¯ÀÌ(random variation)°¡ Á¾¾çÀ¸·Î ¹ßÀüÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â ÁÖÀåÀº ¿ÇÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ´ëÁ¶±º°ú ½ÇÇ豺 »çÀÌÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ´Â µÎ ±ºÀÇ Ç¥ÁØÆíÂ÷º¸´Ù ÈξÀ Å©´Ù. ¼¼¶ó¸®´Ï ¹Ú»çÆÀÀÇ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­´Â ´ëÁ¶±º°ú ½ÇÇè »çÀÌÂ÷ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ¾ÆÁÖ Å©±â ¶§¹®¿¡ Åë°èÇÐÀû Å×½ºÆ®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀüÇô ¾ø´Ù. ÀÌ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­´Â ½ÇÇ豺¿¡ ´õ ¸¹Àº Á㸦 »ç¿ëÇßÀ¸¸ç, ±×µ¿¾È »ê¾÷°è(¸ó»êÅä)°¡ NK603 GM ¿Á¼ö¼ö¿Í ´Ù¸¥ GM ÀÛ¹° Á¦Ç°ÀÇ ½ÂÀÎÀ» ¹Þ±â À§ÇØ ½Ç½ÃÇÑ ÀÌÀüÀÇ Á¶»ç(90ÀÏ µ¶¼º½ÃÇè)¿Í ºñ±³Çؼ­µµ º¸´Ù ´õ Àå±â°£ ½ÇÇèÀ» ½Ç½ÃÇß´Ù.


ºñÆÇ 3. Åë°èÀû ºÐ¼®ÀÇ ¿À·ù°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. Ç¥ÁØÀû ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. Åë°è¼öÄ¡¸¦ ³¬½ÃÁú(statistical fishing trip)Çß´Ù
—> [´ëÀÀ] Åë°èÇÐÀû ºÐ¼®Àº µ¥ÀÌÅÍ Á¶ÇÕÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á¶ÇÕÀ» Æò°¡Çϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼ö¸¹Àº À¯È¿ÇÑ ¹æ¹ý Áß ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀÇ ±¸¼º¿ø Áß  Åë°èÀü¹®°¡°¡ ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀÇ °á°ú´Â Åë°è¼öÄ¡¸¦ ³¬½ÃÁúÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. °£°ú ½ÅÀåÀÇ ¼ö ¸¹Àº parameter°¡ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â Á߿伺°ú Å×À̺í 1 ¹× 2¿¡¼­ ÁýÁßÀûÀ¸·Î Á¶¸íÇÑ ³»¿ëµéÀ» º¸¸é ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

[°³ÀÎÀû ÀÇ°ß] Åë°èÇÐÀû ³í¶õÀº °³ÀÎÀûÀ¸·Î Àß ¸ð¸£´Â ºÐ¾ß¶ó¼­ ¾î¶»°Ô Æò°¡ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ Áö ¸ð¸£°Ú´Ù. ´Ù¸¸ ¼¼¶ó¸®´Ï ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀ»
ºñÆÇÇÏ´Â ÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ Åë°èºÐ¼®ÀÇ ¿À·ù°¡ ¾î¶² °ÍÀÎÁö ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î Á¦½ÃÇÏ°í, ÀڽŵéÀÌ Ç¥ÁØÀû ¹æ¹ýÀ̶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©
Á¦´ë·Î µÈ Åë°èÀû ºÐ¼®À» ½Ç½ÃÇؼ­ Á¦ÃâÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº Á¡Àº Á¶±Ý ÀÌ»óÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù.

ºñÆÇ 4. Áã »ç·á ¼·Ãë·®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¥ÀÌÅÍ°¡ ÀüÇô ¾÷À¸¸ç, ¿Á¼ö¼ö »ç·á°¡ Áø±Õ(°õÆÎÀÌ)¿¡ ¿À¿°µÇ¾úÀ» °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. Áø±Õ ¿À¿°Àº °á°ú¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
—> [´ëÀÀ]
½ÇÇè¿ë ÁãµéÀº »ç·á ¹× ¹°¿¡ ¹«Á¦ÇÑÀ¸·Î Á¢±ÙÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ½ÇÇ豺°ú ´ëÁ¶±º »çÀÌ¿¡ »ç·á ¼Òºñ·® ¹× À½¼ö ¼öÁØÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ´Ù¸¸ °¡Àå ³ôÀº ³óµµÀÇ ¶ó¿îµå¾÷ »ìÃæÁ¦¸¦ Èñ¼®ÇÑ ½ÇÇ豺Àº ¿¹¿Ü¿´´Âµ¥, À̵éÀº ¹°À» º¸´Ù Àû¿¡ ¸¶¼Ì´Ù. ¾Æ¸¶µµ °í³óµµÀÇ »ìÃæÁ¦ ¶§¹®¿¡ ¹°¸ÀÀÌ ´Þ¶óÁ³±â ¶§¹®À¸·Î ÃßÁ¤µÈ´Ù. ¸ðµç »ç·á´Â »ýÈ­ÇÐÀû ºÐ¼®À» ÅëÇØ ¿µ¾çÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î µ¿µîÇÏ¸ç ¾î¶² µ¶¼Òµµ °ËÃâµÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.

ºñÆÇ 5. ¿Ö ½ÇÇ豺ÀÇ ¸î¸î °³Ã¼´Â ´ëÁ¶±ºº¸´Ùµµ ´õ °Ç°­Çߴ°¡? ´ëÁ¶±º ³»ÀÇ ¼öÄÆÀÇ Á¶±â »ç¸Á·üÀÌ 30%¿¡ À̸£´Â °ÍÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô ¼³¸íÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡?
–> [´ëÀÀ]
±×¸² 1 ¹× 2ÀÇ »ç¸Á·ü°ú Á¾¾ç ¹ß»ý·üÀ» º¸¸é ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖµíÀÌ, ½ÇÇ豺ÀÇ ¸î¸î °³Ã¼´Â ´ëÁ¶±º°ú ºñ±³Çؼ­ °Ç°­»óÅ°¡ ÇöÀúÇÏ°Ô ´õ ÁÁ´Ù°Å³ª ³ª»Ú´Ù°í ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ¹°·Ð ¼öÄÆ ºÐ¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¾ÏÄÆ ´ëÁ¶±º¿¡¼­µµ Á¶±â »ç¸Á °³Ã¼°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±× ¼öÁØÀº ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ½ÇÇ豺¿¡¼­ °üÂûµÈ °Í¿¡ ºñÇØ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ³·Àº ¼öÁØÀ̶ó°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

[ºñÆÇ 6] Ç÷θ®´Ù ´ëÇÐÀÇ ½Ä¹°ºÐÀÚÇÐÀÚ Ä̺ó Ç÷Ο(Kevin Folta)´Â GM ¿Á¼ö¼ö¸¦ Åõ¿©ÇÑ ½ÇÇ豺¿¡¼­ À¯ÀüÀÚÁ¶ÀÛ ¿Á¼ö¼ö°¡ ºñ³­À» ¹ÞÀ» ¸¸Å­ Á¾¾ç ¹ß»ý·üÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù. °úÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ ±â´ëÇѸ¸Å­Àº ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×´Â ¼Ò±Ô¸ð Áã Áý´Ü¿¡¼­ Á¤»óÀûÀÎ Á¾¾ç ¹ß»ý·üÀÇ º¯À̸¦ º¸´Â °Í°ú ¶È°°´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇß´Ù.

–> ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº ÀÌ ³í¹®¿¡¼­ ¿ë·®À» Áõ°¡ÇÏ¸é µ¶¼ºÈ¿°úµµ Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù´Â ±ÔÄ¢ÀûÀÎ µ¶¼º È¿°ú¸¦ ´Ù·çÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀÌ ¹ß°ßÇÑ °ÍÀº È£¸£¸ó ü°è È¥¶õÀ¸·Î ¾ß±âµÈ °ÍÀε¥, ³ëÃâ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ U ¶Ç´Â G ¸ð¾çÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ºñ¼±Çü Çö»ó(nonlinear effects)À¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁø °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é, ³·Àº ¿ë·®À¸·Îµµ È¿°ú°¡ ³ªÅ¸³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ³ôÀº ¿ë·®¿¡¼­µµ ¾Æ¹«·± È¿°ú°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ªÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ³ôÀº ¿ë·®¿¡¼­µµ ¹ÝÀÀÀ» º¸À̱⵵ ÇÑ´Ù(U-Çü ¹ÝÀÀ). ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é ¶ó¿îµå ¾÷(Áï ½ÇÁúÀû ¼ººÐÀÎ ±Û¸®Æ÷¼¼ÀÌÆ®)¸¦ Åõ¿©ÇÑ Áã¿¡¼­ ³ªÅ¸³¯ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµÇ¾ú´ø ºñ¼±Çü Çö»óÀº ³»ºÐºñ°è¸¦ È¥¶õ½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ³´Ù. ¾Æ¿ï·¯ À̹ø »ç·¹¿¡¼­ ¿ªÄ¡ È¿°ú´Â ³·Àº ¿ë·®À¸·Î ½Åü¸¦ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ Æı«ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³´À¸¸ç, ³ôÀº ¿ë·®¿¡¼­´Â Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ È¿°ú°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ªÁö¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. (Hormones and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Low Dose Effects and Nonmonotonic Dose Responses, Vandenberg ¸¦ Âü°íÇ϶ó)

[ºñÆÇ 9] ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­´Â ¿À·£ ±â°£µ¿¾È GM ½ÄÇ°ÀÌ ½Äǰü°è·Î ÆíÀԵǾî¿Ô´Ù. ¿Ö ¹Ì±¹Àεé°ú µ¿¹°µé¿¡¼­ º¸´Ù ¸¹Àº Á¾¾çÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇϰųª Á¶±â »ç¸ÁÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇß´Ù´Â Áõ°Å°¡ ¾ø´Â °ÍÀϱî? ¿Ö ¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀº ¸¶Ä¡ Æĸ®°¡ ¶³¾îÁöµíÀÌ(dropping like flies)¡± ¾²·¯Á® Á×Áö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀϱî?

—> [´ëÀÀ]
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ GM ÀÛ¹°Àº °¡Ãà¿¡°Ô »ç·á·Î Åõ¿©µÇ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, °¡ÃàµéÀº °í±â³ª ¿ìÀ¯ »ý»êÀ» À§ÇØ »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ªÀº »ý¾Ö¸¦ »ì°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯ ¶§¹®¿¡ Á¾¾çÀÌ ¹ß´ÞÇÒ ÃæºÐÇÑ ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¾ø¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀº  GM ½ÄÇ°(Äá, ¿Á¼ö¼ö)¸¦ °¡°ø½ÄÇ°ÀÇ »ó´çÇÑ ¾ç °¡¿îµ¥ »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ¾ÆÁÖ ÂªÀº ½Ã°£µ¿¾È ¼·ÃëÇØ¿Ô´Ù. ÀÌ Á¤µµÀÇ ½Ã°£Àº Á¾¾çÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇϴ°ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Æç ¼ö ÀÖÀ» ¸¸Å­ÀÇ Àå±â°£ÀÇ È¿°ú°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª±â¿£ ³Ê¹« ªÀº ±â°£À̾úÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î ÃßÁ¤µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®´Â ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ GM½ÄÇ°ÀÇ Ç¥½ÃÁ¦(labelling)µµ ½Ç½ÃÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, Àα¸Áý´Ü¿¡¼­ ill-effects°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª´ÂÁö ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µµµ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» À¯³äÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ GM ½ÄÇ°ÀÌ °Ç°­ »ó ÇØ·Î¿î ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢ÃÆ´Ù°í ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ °Ë»ç¸¦ ÅëÇØ È®À뵃 ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù°í ºÁ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

Animals and treatments
Virgin albino Sprague-Dawley rats at 5 weeks of age were obtained from Harlan(Gannat, France). All animals were kept in polycarbonate cages (820 cm2, Genestil, France) with two animals of the same sex per cage. The litter (Toplitclassic, Safe, France) was replaced twice weekly. The animals were maintained at 22¡¾ 3¡ÆC under controlled humidity (45% to 65%) and air purity with a 12h-light/dark cycle, with free access to food and water. The location of each cage within the experimental room was regularly changed. This 2-year life-long experiment was conducted in a Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) accredited laboratory according to OECD guidelines. After 20 days of acclimatization, 100 male and 100 female animals were randomly assigned on a weight basis into ten equivalent groups. For each sex,one control group had access to plain water and standard diet from the closest isogenic non-transgenic maize control; six groups were fed with 11%, 22%, and 33% of GM NK603 maize either treated or not treated with R. The final three groups were fed with the control diet and had access to water supplemented with respectively 1.1¡¿ 10−8% of R (0.1 ppb or 50 ng/L of G, the contaminating level of some regular tap waters), 0.09% of R (400 mg/kg G, US MRL of 400 ppm G in some GMfeed), and 0.5% of R (2.25 g/L G, half of the minimal agricultural working dilution).This was changed weekly. Twice-weekly monitoring allowed careful observation and palpation of animals, recording of clinical signs, measurement of any tumors, food and water consumption, and individual body weights.

 
11% thin , 22% medium, 33% bold lines, non-GM maize (control, dotted line).

 


 

¼¼¶ó¸®´Ï ½ÇÇèÀ¸·Î ¹àÇôÁø ±Û¸®Æ÷¼¼ÀÌÆ® ¾ÈÀü¼º??

¼¼¶ó¸®´Ï´Â 2012³â 2³â°£ Áã¿¡¼­ GM¿Á¼ö¼ö, ¶ó¿îµå¾÷ ±×¸®°í GM¿Á¼ö¼ö°ú ¶ó¿îµå¾÷À» È¥ÇÕÇÏ¿© ¸ÔÀÎ °á°ú ¾ÏÀÌ »ý±ä´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ¿© Ãæ°ÝÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Âµ¥, »ç½ÇÀº ¼¼¶ó¸®´Ï ½ÇÇ踸ŭ ±Û¸®Æ÷¼¼ÀÌÆ®ÀÇ ¾ÈÀü¼ºÀ» ÀÔÁõÇÑ ½ÇÇèÀº ¾ø´Ù. ¾Æ·¡ ±×·¡ÇÁ´Â ¼öÄÆÁã¿¡¼­ 2³â°£ Àΰ£À¸·Î Ä¡¸é 80³â°£ ±Û¸®Æ÷¼¼ÀÌÆ®¸¦ ¸ÔÀÎ °á°úÀÌ´Ù.  (Á¡¼±Àº 95% ½Å·Ú±¸°£)

Control : non GMO, non glyphosate
R-low : 1.1¡¿ 10^−8% (0.1 ppb) À½¿ë¼ö ¿À¿°Á¤µµ
R-med : 0.09% (400 mg/kg, 400 ppm)
R-high : 0.5% (22,500 mg/L)

£Àº °ËÀº»ö ±×·¡ÇÁÀÇ ´ëÁ¶±ºÀº GMOÀÛ¹°À̳ª ±Û¸®Æ÷¼¼ÀÌÆ®¸¦ ¸ÔÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î 2³â Á¤µµ¸é ´Ä¾î¼­ ÀÚ¿¬»ç ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ½Ä¹°ÀÌ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¸»¶óÁ×´Â ³óµµÀÎ 0.5%¸¦ ¸ÅÀÏ ÇÑ Äž¿ 2³â(Àΰ£À¸·Î Ä¡¸é 80³â) ¸ÔÀÎ Áã(ÆĶõ»ö)°¡ ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ´õ ¿À·¡ »ê´Ù.  ½Ä¼ö¿¡ ¿À¿°µÈ Á¤µµÀÎ 0.1ppb³ª ±Û¸®Æ÷¼¼ÀÌÆ®¿¡ °¡Àå ½ÉÇÏ°Ô ¿À¿°µÈ »ç·áº¸´Ù ³ôÀº ³óµµ 400ppmÀ» ¸ÅÀÏ ¸ÔÀÎ Á㺸´Ù ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ¿À·¡ »ê´Ù.
±×¸®°í GM¿Á¼ö¼ö¸¦ ´Üµ¶À¸·Î ¸ÔÀÎ Á㺸´Ù GM¿Á¼ö¼ö¿¡ ±Û¸®Æ÷¼¼ÀÌÆ®¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÏ¿© ¸ÔÀÎ Áã°¡ ´õ ¿À·¡ »ê´Ù. ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â ¸ð¸£°ÚÁö¸¸ ¼¼¶ó¸®´Ï°¡ 2³â°£ ½ÇÇèÇÏ¿© GMOÀÇ À¯ÇؼºÀ» ÀÔÁõÇÑ ÃÖ°íÀÇ ½ÇÇèÀ̶ó´Â °Í¿¡ µû¸£¸é ±×·¸´Ù.
±×·±µ¥ ¼¼»óÀº ¿Ö ÀÌó·³ ÈǸ¢ÇÏ°Ô ±Û¸®Æ÷¼¼ÀÌÆ®ÀÇ ¾ÈÀü¼ºÀ» ÀÔÁõÇÑ ¼¼¶ó¸®´ÏÀÇ ³ë°í¸¦ ¾Ë¾ÆÁÖÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÎÁö ...
 




ÆäÀ̽ººÏ       ¹æ¸í·Ï      ¼öÁ¤ 2017-12-10 / µî·Ï 2017-12-04 / Á¶È¸ : 3638 (350)



¿ì¸®ÀÇ °Ç°­À» ÇØÄ¡´Â ºÒ·®Áö½ÄÀÌ ¾ø´Â ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ¼¼»óÀ» ²Þ²Ù¸ç ...  2009.12  ÃÖ³«¾ð


¡¡