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Ç×»ýÁ¦ : ´ð¼Õ Dapsone

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Both molecules act on the folate biosynthetic pathway; dapsone is a sulfone compound which blocks the action of the enzyme, dihydropteroate synthetase (DHPS), required for the synthesis of folate while chlorproguanil, a biguanide, is metabolised to chlorcycloguanil which inhibits the dihydrofolate reductase enzyme (DHFR), required for the utilisation of folate for plasmodial nucleic acid synthesis.

In the plasmodial folate biosynthetic pathway, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) is conjugated with a pteridine moiety to form dihydropteroate. This reation is catalysed by the dihydropteroate synthetase enzyme (DHPS). Dihydropteroate is combied with glutamate to form dihydrofolate, which is reduced to tetrahydrofolate by dihydrofolate reductase enzyme (DHFR). Tetrahydrofolate is an important co-factor in the synthesis of nucleic acids and other precursor molecules.

Sulfone compounds like dapsone inhibit the action of DHPS, preventing the synthesis of dihydropteroate in plasmodia. Humans (and all verterbrate animals) have a mechanism of obtaining preformed folate from the diet, and do not posses DHPS enzymes for dihydropteroate synthesis. Chlorcycloguanil blocks the action of DHFR and prevents the reduction of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate.

The combination of dapsone and chlorcyloguanil (the active metabolite of chlorproguanil) effectively prevents the synthesis of plasmodial dihydrofolate and stops any further conversion of the resident pool to the reduced form. The lack of tetrahydrofolate eventually depletes the levels of thymidylate and inhibits amino acid, glycine and methionine production, effecting an anti-plasmodial action.


 

 



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