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Alkanes C–C,   C–H Substitution (of H, commonly by Cl or Br),   Combustion (conversion to CO2 & H2O)
Alkenes C=C–C–H Addition,Substitution (of H)
Alkynes C¡ÕC–H Addition,Substitution (of H)
Alkyl Halides H–C–C–X Substitution (of X),Elimination (of HX)
Alcohols H–C–C–O–H Substitution (of H); Substitution (of OH),Elimination (of HOH); Oxidation (elimination of 2H)
Ethers (¥á)C–O–R Substitution (of OR); Substitution (of ¥á–H)
Amines C–NRH Substitution (of H); Addition (to N); Oxidation (of N)
Benzene Ring C6H6 Substitution (of H)
Aldehydes (¥á)C–CH=O Addition, Substitution (of H or ¥á–H)
Ketones (¥á)C–CR=O Addition, Substitution (of ¥á–H)
Carboxylic Acids (¥á)C–CO2H Substitution (of H); Substitution (of OH)
Substitution (of ¥á–H); Addition (to C=O)
Carboxylic Derivatives (¥á)C–CZ=O (Z = OR, Cl, NHR, etc.) Substitution (of Z); Substitution (of ¥á–H) Addition (to C=O)