Log in Mobile, PC
About FRIMS HACCP ¹ý ±Ô FooDB ¿ø ·á IngDB Æ÷ Àå °ø Á¤ - ¿ë ¾î Site Update


    ¦³½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷ ¦³´Ü¹éÁú ¿ªÇÒ ¦³¼¼Æ÷ Á¾·ù ¡· °¨°¢¼¼Æ÷ : G-protein, ½Ã°¢¼ö¿ëü, ÈÄ°¢¼¼Æ÷, ¹Ì°¢¼¼Æ÷, ¿Â°¢, Tlr,
    ¦³¸é¿ª ºÎÀÛ¿ë ¦³±âŸ¿øÀÎ ¡· ¿°Áõ : µ¿¸Æ°æÈ­, tlr,

¢¹ ¼ö¿ëü   ¢¹ ........


³»¸ö ¡í °¨°¢±â°ü ¡í ¼ö¿ëü

¹Ì»ý¹°¼ö¿ëü : Toll like receptor tlr

½ÅÈ£Àü´Þ
- °¨°¢¼¼Æ÷ : Receptor Á¾·ù
- ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷ : Àü±â½ÅÈ£, ½Å°æÀü´Þ¹°Áú, È£¸£¸ó
- °¨°¢¿¬ÇÕ : ½ÅÈ£ÁõÆø

- 7TM : G protein
- 6TM : ¿Â°¢
- RTK

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system as well as the digestive system. They are single, membrane-spanning, non-catalytic receptors that recognize structurally conserved molecules derived from microbes. Once these microbes have breached physical barriers such as the skin or intestinal tract mucosa, they are recognized by TLRs, which activate immune cell responses.

They receive their name from their similarity to the protein coded by the Toll gene identified in Drosophila in 1985 by Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard.[1] The gene in question, when mutated, makes the Drosophila flies look unusual. The researchers were so surprised that they spontaneously shouted out in German "Das ist ja toll!" which translates as "That's great!".

 


 


 

Toll-like receptor(TLR)´Â type I transmembrane signaling molecule·Î innate immune systemÀ» ´ã´çÇÏ´Â ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼­ ÁÖ·Î ¹ßÇöµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼­ TLRÀº ¹Ì»ý¹°ÀÇ Æ¯ÀÌÀûÀÎ ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÀνÄÇؼ­ ¸é¿ª ¹ÝÀÀÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â ½ÅÈ£¸¦ Àü´ÞÇÑ´Ù. TollÀº ¿ø·¡ ÃÊÆĸ®ÀÇ ¹ß»ý°úÁ¤¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÏ´Â À¯ÀüÀڷΠóÀ½ Ŭ·Ð´×ÀÌ µÇ¾úÀ¸³ª, ÀÌ ÈÄ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© ÃÊÆĸ®ÀÇ innate immune response¿¡µµ °ü¿©ÇÑ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ ¾Ë·ÁÁ³´Ù.[1] ±× ¿¹·Î, °õÆÎÀ̳ª ¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ °¨¿° ½Ã TollÀÌ antifungal peptide ÀÎ drosomycinÀ̳ª
attacinÀÇ ¹ßÇöÀ» À¯µµÇÑ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ ¹àÇôÁ³´Ù [2, 3]. ÀÌ·± »õ·Î¿î ¿¬±¸°á°ú¸¦ ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î Æ÷À¯·ù¿¡¼­µµ Toll°ú À¯»ç¼ºÀ» °¡Áö´Â À¯ÀüÀÚ¸¦ ã°Ô µÇ¾ú°í, ±× °á°ú 1997³â¿¡ ÃÖÃÊ·Î »ç¶÷¿¡¼­ Toll-like receptor ¸¦ Ŭ·Ð´× ÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±× ÈÄ Áö±Ý±îÁö ÃÑ 13Á¾·ùÀÇ TLRÀ¯ÀüÀÚ°¡ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾î TLR family¸¦ ÀÌ·ç°í ÀÖ´Ù. [4, 5]

TLR family¿¡ ¼ÓÇÏ´Â ºÐÀÚ´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î extracellular region¿¡ leucine-rich repeat(LRR) motif°¡ ÀÖ°í IL-1 ¼ö¿ëü¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ cytoplasmic domainÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. TLRÀº extracellular domainÀ» ÅëÇؼ­ pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs)³ª microorganism-associated molecular patterns(MAMPs)¸¦ ÀνÄÇÏ¸ç ±× °á°ú innate immune ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼­ ¿°Áõ¼º ¼¼Æ÷ È°¼ºÈ­¸¦ À¯µµÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.[6]
TLRÀÌ ¹àÇôÁø ÀÌ·¡·Î TLR¿¡ °áÇÕÇÏ´Â PAMPs¸¦ ã´Â ³ë·ÂÀÌ °è¼ÓµÇ¾î¿ÔÀ¸¸ç, Áö±Ý±îÁö TLR10, TLR12, TLR13 À» Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í °¢°¢ Çϳª ÀÌ»óÀÇ ligand°¡ ¹àÇôÁ³´Ù. TLR1°ú TLR2´Â ¹ÚÅ׸®¾ÆÀÇ mycobacterial lipoprotein°ú triacylated lipopeptide¸¦ ÀÎÁöÇϸç, TLR2´Â È¿¸ðÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷ º® ±¸¼º¿ä¼ÒÀÎ zymosan, gram-positive bacteriaÀÇ peptidoglucan(PGN)°ú lipoteichoic acid(LTA)¸¦ ÀÎÁöÇÑ´Ù.[7] ±×¸®°í TLR1À̳ª TLR6¿Í ÇÔ²² ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ¿© glycosylphosphatidyl inositol-linked proteinÀ» ÀÎ
ÁöÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. [8-10] TLR3Àº RNA virusÀÇ Áõ½Ä Áß¿¡ »ý±â´Â double-stranded RNA¿Í dsRNAÀÇ analogueÀÎ polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyI:C)¸¦ ÀÎÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.[11] TLR4´Â gram-negative bacteriaÀÇ ¼¼Æ÷ ¸·¿¡ ¹ßÇöµÇ´Â lipopolysaccharide(LPS)ÀÇ ¼ö¿ëü·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇϸç, TLR5´Â Listeria monocytogensÀÇ flagellin protein¿¡ °áÇÕÇÑ´Ù.[12, 13] TLR7°ú TLR8Àº virus¿¡ °¨¿°µÈ ¼¼Æ÷¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÇ´Â GU-rich single-stranded RNA(ssRNA)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ö¿ëü·Î¼­ ÀÛ¿ëÇϸç, TLR9´Â bacteria¿Í virus DNAÀÇ unmethylated CpG sequence motif¿Í °áÇÕÇÏ¿© ¿°Áõ¼º Á¤º¸¸¦ Àü´ÞÇÑ´Ù. [14, 15] ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î, »ýÁãÀÇ TLR11Àº uropathogenic E. Coli³ª Toxoplasma gondiiÀÇ profilin-like protein°ú °°Àº uropathogenic bacteria¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ö¿ëü·Î ¹àÇô Á³´Ù.[16-18] Èï¹Ì·Ó°Ôµµ, TLR°¡ À§ÀÇ PAMPs »Ó¸¸ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó endogenous moleculeÀÇ ¼ö¿ëü·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ ÃÖ±Ù º¸°íµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÇÑ ¿¹·Î, TLR4´Â heat shock protein (hsp)60°ú °°Àº ³»ÀçÀû ´Ü¹éÁú (endogenous protein)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼ö¿ëü·Î¼­ ÀÛ¿ëÇϸç, fibrinogen, fibronectin extra domain A, soluble heparan sulfate, lung surfactant protein A, beta-defensin, hyalnuronal fragment, high mobility group box-1 protein °°Àº ´Ù¸¥ ¿©·¯ ³»ÀçÀû ºÐÀÚµµ ÀνÄÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿©·¯ ³í¹®À» ÅëÇÏ¿© º¸°íµÇ¾ú´Ù.[19-26] ÀÌ·± ³»ÀçÀû ºÐÀÚµéÀº Á¶Á÷ ¼Õ»óÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ¿°Áõ ¹ÝÀÀÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® Àִµ¥, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ç½ÇÀ» ¹Ì·ç¾î º¼ ¶§ TLR ºÐÀÚ°¡ Á¶Á÷¼Õ»ó ½Ã ¿°Áõ¹ÝÀÀ¿¡µµ °ü¿©Çϸ®¶ó ÁüÀ۵ȴÙ. [27, 28] ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ TLR4ÀÇ ³»ÀçÀû ¸®°£µå Áß¿¡¼­ hsp¿Í high mobility group box-1 proteinÀº TLR2°úµµ °áÇÕÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ¶ÇÇÑ TLR3´Â mRNA³ª hairpin structureÀÇ RNA¸¦ ÀνÄÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸°íµÇ¾ú´Ù.[26, 29, 30, 31]

TLRs on glial cells
TLR expression on microglia
TLR expression on astrocytes
TLR expression on other cell types in the nervous system

Èï¹Ì·Ó°Ôµµ ½Å°æº´Áõ¼º ÅëÁõ ¸ðµ¨ ¿Ü, ´Ù¸¥ ¿©Å¸ÀÇ ÅðÇ༺ ½Å°æÁúȯ¿¡¼­TLRÀÌ glial cells¿¡ ¹ßÇöÇÑ´Ù´Â º¸°í°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
Pilocarpine¿¡ ÀÇ ÇÑ seizure model¿¡ ¼­ ´Â TLR2°¡ neurodegeneration°ú demyelination area¿¡¼­ °ú¹ßÇöµÇ¾î ÀÖ°í, ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î TLR9´Â amyloid plaques ±Ùó microglia¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú´Ù. [62, 63] Neuroblastoma cell lineÀÎ SH-SY5Y¿¡¼­ TLR3¸¦ ÀڱؽÃÄ×À» ¶§ Tau proteinÀÇ ÀλêÈ­°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ º¸°íµÇ¾ú´Ù. [53] ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿¬±¸º¸°íµéÀº TLR3 ¿ÍTLR9°¡ ADȯÀÚÀÇ ³ú¿¡¼­ microgila È°¼ºÈ­¿¡ ±â¿©ÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
¸»ÃÊ½Å°æ ¼Õ»ó¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Wallerian degeneration Áß¿¡ °üÂûµÇ´Â ½´¹Ý¼¼Æ÷ È°¼ºÈ­¿¡µµ TLR°¡ ±â¿©ÇÑ´Ù. Karanth´Â TLR4ÀÇ ÁßÈ­Ç×ü¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ­, TLR4°¡ ¼Õ»óµÈ ½Å°æ¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ½´¹Ý¼¼Æ÷ È°¼ºÈ­¿¡ ±â¿©ÇÒ Áö ¸ð¸¥´Ù´Â °¡´É¼ºÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÏ¿´´Ù