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Cold pain receptor :  TRPA1

¿Âµµ¼ö¿ëü : TRP : ¼ö¿ëü
- ¿Âµµ¿¡ µû¶ó ¸ÀÀÌ º¯ÇÑ´Ù
- ¸Å¿î¸À = hot
- °¥Áõ°ú ¿Âµµ¼ö¿ëü
- ĸ»çÀ̽Š: ¸Å¿î¸À ´ÜÀ§ : ½ºÄÚºô
- °íÃ߸¦ ¸ÔÀ¸¸é ¶¡À» È긮´Â ÀÌÀ¯
- Âù¸À(³Ã¹Ì, Cooling) : ¸àÅç
- Cold ¼ö¿ëü : TRPA1
- ¿Âµµ¼ö¿ëü : TRPV3

Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô Â÷°¡¿òµµ pain
À§ÇèÇÑ È­Çй°Áúµµ pain
»ê¼ÒÀÇ ºÎÁ·À̳ª ÀÌ»êȭź¼ÒÀÇ °úÀ×µµ pain
¸¹Àº PainÀ» TRPA1À¸·Î °¨ÁöÇÑ´Ù

TRPA1 :   2003³â¿¡ Scripps-Novartis °øµ¿¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº ±¸Á¶ÀûÀ¸·Î ¾Æ¹Ì³ë¸»´Ü¿¡ ¹Ýº¹µÇ´Â ankyrin ¼­¿­À» °®°í ±â´ÉÀûÀ¸·Î´Â TRPM8À» ÀÚ±ØÇÏ´Â Àú¿Âº¸´Ù ´õ ³·Àº 17¡É ÀÌÇÏÀÇ Àú¿Â¿¡ ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ´Â TRP Åë·Î°¡ ÀÖÀ½À» ¹ß°ßÇÏ°í ANKTM1À̶ó°í ¸í¸íÇÏ¿© ¹ßÇ¥ÇÏ¿´´Ù.  ANKTM1Àº °ð »õ·Î¿î TRP subfamily·Î ºÐ·ùµÇ¾î TRPA1À̶ó´Â À̸§ÀÌ ºÙ¿©Á³´Ù. ±×·¯³ª TRPA1ÀÌ È®½ÇÇÑ Àú¿Â¼ö¿ëüÀΰ¡¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ÀÌÈÄÀÇ ¿¬±¸µéÀÌ »óÀÌÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ÀÖ¾î ¾ÆÁ÷ ¾à°£ÀÇ ³í¶õÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.  TRPA1ÀÌ È­Çй°Áú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À¯ÇØÀڱؼö¿ëü·Î¼­ÀÇ ±â´ÉÀÌ ÀÖÀ½Àº Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù.

TRPA1À» ÀڱؽÃų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹°Áú·Î´Â °ÜÀÚ³ª ¿Í»çºñÀÇ ÁÖ¼ººÐÀÎ isothiocyanate, ÃÖ·ç°¡½º·Î ¾²ÀÌ´Â acrolein, °èÇDZ⸧ÀÇ ¼ººÐÀÎ cinnamaldehyde, ¸¶¸®È­³ªÀÇ ¼ººÐÀÎ tetrahydrocannabinol, bradykinin µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¶´ÃÀÇ ¼ººÐÀÎ allicinÀº TRPA1°ú TRPV1 ¸ðµÎ¸¦ ÀÚ±ØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. TRPA1µµ TRPV1°ú °°ÀÌ C¼¶À¯¿¡¸¸ ¹ßÇöµÇ¸ç, TRPV1°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î °³Ã¼¿¡ À§ÇùÀûÀÎ ÀÚ±ØÀ» °¨ÁöÇÏ¿© ½º½º·Î¸¦ ¹æ¾îÇϴµ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î »ý°¢µÈ´Ù. TRPA1Àº ³»ÀÌ À¯¸ð¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ºÎµ¿¼¶¸ð(stereocilia)¿¡µµ Á¸ÀçÇÔÀÌ ¾Ë·ÁÁ³°í ÀÌ´Â TRPA1ÀÌ ±â°è¼ö¿ëüÀÏ °¡´É¼ºÀ» ½Ã»çÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª TRPA1 À¯ÀüÀÚ¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÑ »ýÁãÀÇ Ã»·Â¿¡´Â ÀÌ»óÀÌ ¾ø´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ³´Ù.  

TRPA1 receptor contribute to detection of painful stimuli

 

 

Acute pain is a normal reaction of the somatosensory system to noxious stimulation which serves a protective function and is the first symptom of disease, especially of inflammatory origin. In its chronic form, pain is maladaptive and has a significant impact on quality of life. The scientists from the Department of Cellular Neurophysiology investigate the function of a distinct group of proteins involved in the mechanisms of acute and chronic pain.
The survival of all living organisms is determined by the ability to recognize potentially harmful or painful stimuli. In mammals, this „alarm system¡° constitutes of specialized neurons called nociceptors. On the nociceptors, several members of a distinct group of proteins called transient receptor potential (TRP) are expressed. These receptors form ion channels that can detect painful stimuli and transduce the information into an electrical signal.
The group of Viktorie Vlachová from the Department of Cellular Neurophysiology investigates the functional properties of these channels. The ankyrin receptor TRPA1 is one of the TRP ion channels, which can be activated by endogenous pain-causing substances, but also by pungent natural compounds from cinnamon or mustard oil, environmental irritants like acrolein, noxious cold and mechanical stimuli.
In the latest study, we discovered that evolutionarily highly conserved structural motifs play different functional roles when present in various parts of the TRPA1 protein and the precise sequence of the motifs is essential for the stability of the whole channel. The recent findings contribute to the understanding of molecular mechanisms by which TRPA1 channels are gated and how these mechanisms help the channels to play their physiological parts.



 

TRP channels: sensors and transducers of gasotransmitter signals
Nobuaki Takahashi1,2, Daisuke Kozai1 and Yasuo Mori1,3,4*
Front. Physiol., 09 August 2012 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2012.00324

The transient receptor potential (trp) gene superfamily encodes cation channels that act as multimodal sensors for a wide variety of stimuli from outside and inside the cell. Upon sensing, they transduce electrical and Ca2+ signals via their cation channel activities. These functional features of TRP channels allow the body to react and adapt to different forms of environmental changes. Indeed, members of one class of TRP channels have emerged as sensors of gaseous messenger molecules that control various cellular processes. Nitric oxide (NO), a vasoactive gaseous molecule, regulates TRP channels directly via cysteine (Cys) S-nitrosylation or indirectly via cyclic GMP (cGMP)/protein kinase G (PKG)-dependent phosphorylation. Recent studies have revealed that changes in the availability of molecular oxygen (O2) also control the activation of TRP channels. Anoxia induced by O2-glucose deprivation and severe hypoxia (1% O2) activates TRPM7 and TRPC6, respectively, whereas TRPA1 has recently been identified as a novel sensor of hyperoxia and mild hypoxia (15% O2) in vagal and sensory neurons. TRPA1 also detects other gaseous molecules such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon dioxide (CO2). In this review, we focus on how signaling by gaseous molecules is sensed and integrated by TRP channels.

 


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