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¾Æ¹Ì³ë»ê ¡í MSG ¡í À¯Çؼº³í¶õ

±Û·çŸ¹ÎÇÕ¼ºÀúÇØ ±Û·çÆ÷½Ã³×ÀÌÆ® (glufosinate)

È¿¼ÒÀúÇØÁ¦ (inhibitor)
- Æ®¸³½Å ÀúÇØÁ¦(Trypsin inhibitor)
- glufosinate, ±Û·çŸ¹Î ÇÕ¼ºÈ¿¼Ò ÀúÇØ
- ±Û¸®Æ÷¼¼ÀÌÆ® EPSP ÀúÇØ

- Glutamic acid·Î ÇÏ´ÂÀÏ : ´Ü¹éÁú ´ë»ç & »ý¸íÇö»óÀÇ ÁÖ¿ª

- ¾Æ¹Ì³ë»ê ´ë»çÀÇ Á߽ɹ°Áú : ¸¹Àº ¹°ÁúÀÌ glutamic acidÀ¯·¡, glutamate <-> glutamine
- GlutamineÀÇ Àü±¸Ã¼ : NH3 Çص¶µî : glutamine°ú glutamic acid´Â »óÈ£ ÀüȯµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

Glutamic acid ´ë»ç°¡ ÀúÇØµÇ¸é ½Ä¹°Àº ¼ºÀå ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù

¹ÙÀÌ¿¤ÀÇ ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ Ç°Á¾ÀÎ LibertyLinkÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸ó»êÅä¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ÀÌ ³à¼®µµ Àڱ⿡°Ô ¸Â´Â Á¦ÃÊÁ¦°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¹Ù·Î Liberty¶ó´Â Á¦ÃÊÁ¦ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ Á¦ÃÊÁ¦´Â ±Û·çÆ÷½Ã³×ÀÌÆ® (glufosinateÀ̸ç phosphinothricin¶ó°íµµ ºÒ¸²)¶ó´Â ¼ººÐÀ» ÇÔÀ¯ÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±Û·çÆ÷½Ã³×ÀÌÆ®µµ ±Û¶óÀÌÆ÷¼¼ÀÌƮó·³ ¾Æ¹Ì³ë»ê ÇÕ¼ºÀ» ¹æÇØÇϴµ¥, À̹ø¿¡´Â ¹æÇâÁ· ¾Æ¹Ì³ë»êÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±Û·çŸ¹ÎÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±Û·çŸ¹ÎÀº ¿©´À ¾Æ¹Ì³ë»êó·³ ¿©·¯ ´Ü¹éÁúÀÇ ±¸¼º¼ººÐÀ̱⵵ ÇÏÁö¸¸, ƯÈ÷ ½Ä¹°ÀÇ Áú¼Ò´ë»ç¿¡ Áß¿äÇÑ ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. °í±³ »ý¹°2¿¡¼­ ¹è¿î Áú¼Ò´ë»ç °úÁ¤À» »ó±âÇغ¸¸é, ½Ä¹°ÀÌ »Ñ¸®È¤¹ÚÅ׸®¾Æ µîÀ» ÅëÇØ ¾òÀº Áú¼ÒÀÇ ÇÑ ÇüÅÂÀÎ Áú»ê¿° (NO3-)À» ½Ä¹° ³»¿¡¼­ ¾Ï¸ð´½ (NH4+)À¸·Î ÀüȯÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ ³à¼®À» ±Û·çŽ»ê¿¡ ºÙ¿© ±Û·çŸ¹ÎÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾î Áú¼Ò¸¦ À¯±â¹°·Î °íÁ¤½ÃÅ°°Ô µË´Ï´Ù. ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ °úÁ¤¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÏ´Â È¿¼Ò°¡ glutamine synthaseÀÌ°í ±Û·çÆ÷½Ã³×ÀÌÆ®°¡ ÀÌ È¿¼Ò¸¦ ¹æÇØÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±×·³ ½Ä¹° ³»¿¡¼­´Â ±Û·çŸ¹ÎÀÌ ºÎÁ·ÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Â ¹®Á¦µµ »ý±âÁö¸¸, ¾Æ·¡ ±×¸²Ã³·³ ¾Ï¸ð´½ ÀÌ¿ÂÀÌ ½×¿© °ú»êÈ­¼ö¼Ò¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î ³»´Â µî 2Â÷ ÇÇÇظ¦ ÀÔ°Ô µÇ°í, °á±¹ Á×À½À¸·Î À̸£°Ô µË´Ï´Ù.

ÀÌ ±Û·çÆ÷½Ã³×ÀÌÆ®´Â »ýÅ°迡¼­ ¹Ì»ý¹°¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÇÕ¼ºµÇ´Âµ¥, Åä¾çÀ¯·¡ ¹Ì»ý¹°ÀÎ (¶ÇÇÑ °¢Á¾ Ç×»ýÁ¦ »ý»êÀ¸·Î À¯¸íÇÑ) Streptomyces°¡ ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ÀÌ ±Û·çÆ÷½Ã³×ÀÌÆ®¸¦ ¹æÇØÇÏ´Â È¿¼Ò°¡ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù. ¹Ù·Î phosphoinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT)ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. PATÀÌ ±Û·çÆ÷½Ã³×ÀÌÆ®¸¦ ¾Æ¼¼Æ¿È­½ÃÄѼ­ ¹«·ÂÈ­½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¹Ù·Î ¹ÙÀÌ¿¤ LibertyLink Ç°Á¾ÀÇ Á¦ÃÊÁ¦ ÀúÇ×¼º ±âÀÛÀÇ ÇÙ½ÉÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ PAT È¿¼ÒÀÇ À¯ÀüÀÚ (pat gene)À» ÀÛ¹°¿¡ ¹ßÇö½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀÌÁÒ. Roundup Ready°¡ Á¦ÃÊÁ¦¿¡ ¹ÝÀÀÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â È¿¼Ò¸¦ µµÀÔÇÏ¿© Á¦ÃÊÁ¦ÀúÇ×¼ºÀ» ºÎ¿©ÇÑ °ÍÀ̶ó¸é, LibertyLink´Â Á¦ÃÊÁ¦ ÀÚü¸¦ ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

GS is the target of a major herbicide Basta¢ç (AgrEvo Co.).  The active ingredient in Basta¢ç, Rely¢ç, Finale¢ç, Liberty¢ç and Ignite¢ç is glufosinate-ammonium.  Glufosinate (= phosphinothricin) is a substrate analogue of glutamate and strong inhibitor of GS causing toxic levels of ammonium to buildup in treated plants. This can be a natural product produced by Streptomyces ( Lee et al., 2009). Thus it is a broad-spectrum herbicide.  Glufosinate is rapidly degraded in the soil leaving behind no toxic residues.  Crops such as corn and canola are now being marketed that have been genetically engineered for phosphinotricine or Basta resistance.  Such corn hybrids are being marketed under the trade name Liberty-Link¢ç corn.  Methionine sulfoximine also inhibits GS and azaserine inhibits GOGAT (see above).  Would phosphinothricin be expected to affect metabolism in animals including humans?  Name some other amino acid biosynthetic enzymes that are targets of herbicides.
 
 


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