Login ¡¡ ¢· ¢¹ ¡¡ Mobile II
Hint Food ¸À°úÇâ Diet Health ºÒ·®Áö½Ä ÀÚ¿¬°úÇÐ My Book À¯Æ©ºê Frims ¿ø ·á Á¦ Ç° Update Site

°¨°¢  ¡í ÈÄ°¢ , Flavor

ÃëÇâ : º¸ÆíÀû, ¹®È­Àû, °³ÀÎÀû

ÈÄ°¢ÀÇ »ý¸®Àû Ư¡
- ÈÄ°¢ ÇÇ·ÎÇö»ó
- ¿ªÄ¡ : °¨°¢ÀÇ ÇÑ°è, ÈƷÿ¡ ÀÇÇÑ ºÐº°·Â Çâ»ó
- ÈÄ°¢ : ³ªÀÌ¿¡ µû¸¥ ÈÄ°¢ÀÇ º¯È­
- ÈÄ°¢ : ³²³à°£ Â÷ÀÌ
- ÈÄ°¢ : °³ÀÎ, ÀÎÁ¾°£ ÃëÇâÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ
- ÈÄ°¢ Àå¾Ö

º¸ÆíÀû ÃëÇâ : ¼¼°èÀû ³¿»õ µ¿ÇâÁ¶»ç

  °øÅëÀû ºÒÄè°¨ - ¹è¼³¹°, üÃë, ºÎÆй°, Mercaptan
  °øÅëÀû À¯Äè°¨ - ½Ä¹°, ¶óº¥´õ, ¾Æ¼¼Æ®»ê¾Æ¹Ð(¹Ù³ª³ª), °¥¶ô¼Ò¶óÀ̵å(Àΰø »çÇâ), À¯Á¦³î(Àΰø Á¤Çâ)

¹®È­Àû Â÷ÀÌ :  ³¿»õ´Â ´ëºÎºÐ ÇнÀµÇ´Â °Í, ¹®È­Àû Â÷ÀÌ°¡ Å­
- ½ÅÀå, ºÐºñ»ùÀÇ À¯¹« (À¯·´,¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«°è´Â °Üµå¶ûÀÌ¿¡ ¾ÆÆ÷Å©¸² ¶¡»ùÀÌ ÁýÁß, ¾Æ½Ã¾ÈÀº ÀûÀ½)  
- À§»ý½À°üÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ
- ¹®È­Àû ±Ô¹ü°ú ¿¹¹ý
- ƯÁ¤ ³¿»õ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ä£¹Ð°¨
- ƯÁ¤ ³¿»õ¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ̳ª ±â´É
- À½½ÄÀ» ÁغñÇÏ´Â °úÁ¤ ¹× ±×¿¡ °ü·ÃÇÑ ÈÄ°¢°æÇè ¹× ¿¬»ó¿¡¼­ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ¹®È­Àû Â÷ÀÌ
- ³¿»õ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü³ä°ú ¿¬»óÀ» Ç¥ÇöÇÏ´Â ¾ð¾îÀÇ Ä£¹Ð¼º

   ¸¶¸¥¿À¡¾î, ÁãÆ÷ : ¶¥¿¡ ¹¯´Â ¹®È­, °ÇÁ¶ or È­ÀåÇÏ´Â ¹®È­
     Âü±â¸§ : ¼­¾çÀÎ ½ºÄÈÅ©³¿¼¼ !!

  ¾Æ½Ã¾ÆÀÎ ¿ìÀ¯º¸´Ù Äá¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ :      Ä¡Áî ºñ¼±È£

 

¾î¶² ¹®È­¿¡¼­´Â Çâ±â·Î¿î ³¿»õ°¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¹®È­¿¡¼­´Â Çø¿À½º·¯¿î ³¿»õ°¡ µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¶»çÀÌÁ·Àº ¼è¶ËÀ¸·Î ¸Ó¸®Ä«¶ô¿¡ Çâ°ú »öÀ» ³»´Â dz½ÀÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
¾î¶² »ç¼ÒÇÑ »ç°ÇÀÇ °æÇè¿¡ µû¶ó ÀÔ¸ÀÀÌ º¯Çϱ⵵ ÇϵíÀÌ, ³¿»õ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ È£°¨µµ ¿ª½Ã ¶§¿¡ µû¶ó ´Þ¶óÁú ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. °¡·É ¾î¶² À½½ÄÀÇ ³¿»õ°¡ óÀ½¿¡´Â ¾ÆÁÖ ÁÁ°Ô ´À²¸Á³´Ù°¡µµ, ±×°ÍÀ» Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô ¸¹ÀÌ ¸Ô°Å³ª ±× À½½ÄÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ½ÄÁßµ¶À» °æÇèÇßÀ» °æ¿ì, ±× ³¿»õ°¡ ¿ª°ã°Ô ´À²¸Áö±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù.
ÇãÃ÷ ±³¼ö¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇÑ ¿©·¯ ¿¬±¸ÁøµéÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ç·ÊµéÀ» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î, »ç¶÷ÀÇ ³¿»õ ¼±È£µµ´Â ´ë°³ °¢ÀÚÀÇ °æÇèÀ̳ª ´Ù¸¥ ³¿»õ¿ÍÀÇ ¿¬°ü°ü°è¿¡ Å©°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù´Â ÁÖÀåÀ» ³»³õ¾Ò´Ù. °¡·É ¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀº À©Åͱ׸°(wintergreen-ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡¼­ ÀÚ»ýÇϴ öÂß°úÀÇ »ó·Ï¼ö)¶Ç´Â ±× ÀÙ¿¡¼­ äÃëÇÑ ÇâÀ¯ÀÇ ÇâÀ» ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¿µ±¹Àεé(ƯÈ÷ 1940³â´ë ÀÌÀü¿¡ ž »ç¶÷µé)Àº ÀÌ ³¿»õ¸¦ ´ë´ÜÈ÷ ¿ª°Ü¿öÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¾Æ¸¶µµ À©Åͱ׸°ÀÌ 2Â÷ ¼¼°è´ëÀü Áß ¿µ±¹¿¡¼­ ÁøÅëÁ¦ ¼ººÐÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´ø °ÍÀÌ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ¿øÀÎÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀδÙ. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÈÄ°¢Àû Äè¶ô¼³¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¿¬±¸µµ ÀÖ´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº ¡®Æĸ¶»ê Ä¡Á¶ó°í ¾²ÀÎ Åë¿¡ ´ã±ä ³»¿ë¹°ÀÇ ³¿»õ¸¦ ¡®±¸Åä¹°¡¯À̶ó°í ¾²ÀÎ Åë¿¡ ´ã±ä ³»¿ë¹°ÀÇ ³¿»õº¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ ¼±È£ÇÑ´Ù. ¶Ç Åë¿¡ ¡®Å©¸®½º¸¶½º Æ®¸®¡¯¶ó°í ¾²ÀÎ °Í°ú ¡®»ì±ÕÁ¦¡¯¶ó°í ¾²ÀÎ °Í, ¡®¿ÀÀÌ¡¯¶ó°í ¾²ÀÎ °Í°ú ¡®°õÆÎÀÌ¡¯¶ó°í ¾²ÀÎ °ÍÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡µµ »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀüÀÚ¸¦ ´õ ¼±È£ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ³¿»õ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³úÀÇ ¹ÝÀÀ¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁØ´Ù. ³¿»õ¿¡ ºÙÀÎ À̸§ÀÌ ´õ ÀÔ¸ÀÀ» ´ç±â´Â À̸§(¡®Ã¼´ÙÄ¡Á ´ë ¡®Ã¼Ã롯)ÀÏ ¶§ ´ë³úº¯¿¬°èÀÇ È°µ¿ÀÌ ÈξÀ ´õ È°¹ßÇØÁö±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
ÇãÃ÷´Â ¶ÇÇÑ Æ¯ÀÌÇÑ ³¿»õ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇǽÇÇèÀÚÀÇ ÀÇ°ßÀÌ 15ºÐ ¸¸¿¡ µÚ¹Ù²ð ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù. º¯¼ö´Â ÇǽÇÇèÀÚ°¡ µ·À» µû°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§¿Í ÀÒ°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§ÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ³¿»õ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀÇ°ßÀº ±× ³¿»õ¿Í ¿¬°üµÈ »óȲ¿¡ µû¶ó °áÁ¤µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ½À» ¸í¹éÈ÷ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â »ç·Ê´Ù. ³¿»õ ¼±È£µµ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¼øÀÀ¼º¿¡´Â ·¹ÀÌö ÇãÃ÷°¡ ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ ÁøÈ­·ÐÀûÀÎ Àǹ̰¡ ´ã°Ü ÀÖ´Ù. Àΰ£Àº ¾ÆÁÖ ³ÐÀº ¿µ¿ªÀÇ È¯°æ¿¡¼­ »ç´Â °æÇâÀÌ Àִµ¥, ȯ°æ¸¶´Ù ¸ÔÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °Í°ú ¸ÔÀ¸¸é À§ÇèÇÑ °ÍµéÀÌ Å©°Ô ´Ù¸£´Ù. ¼±È£µµ°¡ À¯¿¬ÇÏ°Ô º¯È­ÇÏ´Â ÈÄ°¢ °æº¸ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» °¡µ¿ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ȯ°æ¸¶´Ù Àǹ̰¡ ´Ù¸£°Å³ª, ½ÉÁö¾î´Â ¹Ý´ë°¡ µÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Â ³¿»õ ´Ü¼­¸¦ À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô È°¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ´Ù¸¥ ¿¬±¸ÁøµéÀº ³¿»õ ¼±È£µµÀÇ À¯¿¬¼º¿¡µµ Áß¿äÇÑ ÇÑ°è°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÇÑ°è´Â Å»ýÀûÀÎ ±âÃÊ¿¡ ÀÇ°ÅÇÑ´Ù°í ¹Ï´Â´Ù. À§¿¡¼­ ¾ð±ÞÇßµíÀÌ ºÎÆÐÇÑ À½½ÄÀÇ ³¿»õ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ½Å»ý¾Æ³ª ¼ºÀÎÀ̳ª °°Àº ¹ÝÀÀÀ» º¸ÀδÙ. ¶ÇÇÑ ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ ÇÑ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­, ³¿»õ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿©·¯ ¹®È­±ÇÀÇ °øÅëÀûÀÎ ¼±È£´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ºÐÀÚ ±¸Á¶¿¡¸¸ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹àÇôÁ³´Ù. ¾î¶² ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­´Â ¾Æ¶ø°ú À¯´ë °øµ¿Ã¼¿¡ °ÅÁÖÇÏ´Â À̽º¶ó¿¤Àΰú ¹Ì±¹ÀÎ ÇǽÇÇèÀÚ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÁغñµÈ 150°³ÀÇ ºÐÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æò°¡ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇß´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ðµç °øµ¿Ã¼µé¿¡¼­ ³¸¼± ³¿»õ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ È£°¨µµ Æò°¡´Â °£´ÜÇÏ°Ô ³¿»õ ºÐÀÚ ±¸Á¶ÀÇ Ä¡¹ÐÇÔ°ú Áß·®¿¡ ±âÃÊÇؼ­ ¿¹ÃøÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº °³ÀÎ °£, ¹®È­ °£ÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ ¾øÀÌ ÈÄ°¢ÀûÀÎ ¼±È£¿¡´Â Áß¿äÇÑ Å»ýÀû ¿äÀÎÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇϸç, ±× ¼±È£µµ´Â ³¿»õÀÇ È­ÇÐÀûÀÎ Ä¡¹ÐÇÔ¿¡ ±âÃÊÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.
¿ä¾àÇÏÀÚ¸é, ³¿»õ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼±È£µµ´Â ±íÀÌ °¢ÀÎµÈ ¿ä¼Ò¿Í °æÇèÀûÀÎ ¿ä¼Ò ¸ðµÎ¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸Çϸç, ÀÌ ¿ä¼ÒµéÀº ÈÄ°¢ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ¿©·¯ ´Ü°è¿¡¼­ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁø °¡¼Ò¼ºÀ» ¹Ý¿µÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÇÑÁ¤ÀûÀÎ °¡¼Ò¼ºÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »ýÁ¸¿¡ °¡Àå ±âº»ÀûÀÎ Á¢±Ù- ȸÇÇ ¹ÝÀÀ(Ä® ºá½Ã°¡ ³Ê¹«³ª Àß ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â)À» µ½±â À§ÇØ ³¿»õÀÇ È£°¨µµ¸¦ Æò°¡ÇÏ´Â µ¥ À־ ÈÄ°¢ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª º¹ÀâÇÏ°Ô ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.


¾Ï³»°¡ ¹Ù´Ò¶óÇâó·³ ´À²¸Áø´Ù  
¿ª°Ü¿î ³¿»õ°¡ »ó´ë¿¡ µû¶ó Çâ±â°¡ µÇ±âµµ

2007.09.17 15:32 Ȳ¿îÇÏ ±âÀÚ (newuna@kormedi.com)

³ª¿¡°Ô ¿ª°Ü¿î ¹Ú ´ë¸®ÀÇ °Üµå¶ûÀÌ ¾Ï³»°¡ ¹Ì½º ±è¿¡°Õ Çâ¼öó·³ ´À²¸Áø´Ù?
°°Àº ¶¡³¿»õ¶óµµ »ç¶÷¿¡ µû¶ó ÀüÇô ´Ù¸¥ ³¿»õ·Î ´À³¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¿¬±¸°á°ú°¡ ³ª¿Ô´Ù.
¹Ì±¹ µàÅ©´ë¿Í ·ÏÆç·¯´ë °øµ¿ ¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ƯÁ¤ À¯ÀüÀÚ¿Í ³²¼º È£¸£¸óÀÌ ºÐºñÇÏ´Â È­Çй°ÀÌ ¸¸³ª ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â ¹ÝÀÀÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ ¶§¹®¿¡ »ç¶÷¿¡ µû¶ó ¶¡³¿»õ¸¦ ¿ÀÁÜ ³¿»õó·³ ´À³¢°Å³ª ¹Ù´Ò¶ó Çâ°°ÀÌ ´À³¥ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀüÇô ´À³¢Áö ¾ÊÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù°í ³×ÀÌóÁö 16ÀÏÀÚ¿¡¼­ ¹àÇû´Ù.
¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ³²¼ºÈ£¸£¸óÀÎ Å×½ºÅ佺Å×·ÐÀÌ Æı«µÉ ¶§ ¸¹ÀÌ »ý¼ºµÇ´Â È­Çй°ÁúÀÎ ¡®¾Èµå·Î½ºÅ׷С¯°ú ³¿»õ ¼ö¿ëü À¯ÀüÀÚ ¡®OR7D4¡¯¿¡ ÁÖ¸ñÇß´Ù. ¾Èµå·Î½ºÅ׳íÀº ¶¡ ¼Ó¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵŠÀÖÀ¸¸ç ¿©¼ºº¸´Ù ³²¼º¿¡°Ô¼­ ´õ ³óÃàµÈ »óÅ·ΠÁ¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù.
¿¬±¸ÁøÀº ¿ì¼± ÄÚ°¡ ³¿»õ¿Í È­Çй°À» °¨ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â 400¿© °¡Áö ³¿»õ ¼ö¿ëü À¯ÀüÀÚ¸¦ °Ë»çÇÏ°í ±× Áß ¡®OR7D4¡¯ À¯ÀüÀÚ°¡ ¾Èµå·Î½ºÅ׷п¡ °­ÇÏ°Ô ¹ÝÀÀÇÑ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù.
¿¬±¸ÁøÀº À̾î 'OR7D4'ÀÇ º¯È­°¡ ³²¼º ¶¡ ¼Ó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¾Èµå·Î½ºÅ×³í ³¿»õ¸¦ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̴µ¥ ¾î¶² ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇϱâ À§ÇØ 400¸íÀ» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î Ç÷¾× »ùÇÃÀ» äÃëÇÑ ÈÄ DNA¸¦ ¼­¿­È­Çß´Ù.
±× °á°ú »ç¶÷¸¶´Ù ³¿»õ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´À³¢´Â ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ Æ²¸° °ÍÀº 'OR7D4'ÀÇ º¯È­¿Í ¿¬°üÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.
Áï ¾Èµå·Î½ºÅ׳í°ú OR7D4°¡ ¸¸³ª¸é OR7D4¿¡ ÀÛÀº À¯ÀüÀûÀÎ º¯È­°¡ ÀϾ¸ç ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇØ ¶¡³¿»õ µî ŸÀÎÀÇ ³¿»õ¸¦ °í¾àÇϰųª ´ÞÄÞÇÑ ³¿»õ·Î Áö°¢Çϴ°¡ Çϸé ÀüÇô ¸ø ´À³¢±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù´Â °Í.
À̹ø ¿¬±¸¸¦ À̲ö ¸¶Ã÷³ª¹Ì ¹Ú»ç´Â ¡°»ç¶÷ÀÇ ³¿»õ ¼ö¿ëü À¯ÀüÀÚ°¡ ³¿»õ ¸Ã´Â °á°ú¿Í ¿¬°üÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ Ã¹ ¿¬±¸¡±¶ó¸ç ¡°OR7D4ÀÇ º¯È­°¡ »ç¶÷ÀÇ °¨Á¤°ú È£¸£¸ó ¼öÄ¡¸¦ ³ôÀÏ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ÀϺΠÁõ°Å°¡ È®ÀεƴÙ. Ãß°¡ ¿¬±¸¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÀÌ °°Àº Çö»óÀÌ »ç¶÷ÀÇ »çȸÀû, ¼ºÀû Çൿ¿¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ´Â Áö ¹àÈú °èȹ¡±À̶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù.

»ç¶÷¸¶´Ù ÈÄ°¢ À¯ÀüÀÚ È°¼ºÈ­ Á¤µµ ´Þ¶ó
There are large within-species and between-species variations in sweet tasteperception in mammals. While many compounds that taste sweet to humansare palatable to other species, such as rodents and nonhuman primates, evenamong closely related species, there are large differences in sweet tasteperception. For instance, Old World simians can taste aspartame but prosim-ians and New World simians cannot. The reason for these differences amongprimates could be due to the sequence polymorphisms in receptors. Sequen-cing of TAS1R2 and TAS1R3 genes has shown that there are some variant sitesin nonhuman primates associated with aspartame sensitivity (Li & Reed,unpublished data). In mice, the TAS1R3 gene is responsible for the
Sac locusand influences the intake and preference for sweet substances. This gene isallelic in mice. Several groups have identified a missense mutation (I60T) inthe mouse, which is the most likely mutation accounting for the phenotypicdifferences  . Thecomparable sequence in the human genome TAS1R3
has been examined tosee whether sequence polymorphisms might be associated with individualdifferences in the sensitivity for sucrose and aspartame among 30 unrelatedhuman subjects. Three missense mutations were found, one of which wascommon, occurring on 5–10% of chromosomes. Subsequent studies genotyp-ing subjects for this mutation identified 6 heterozygous subjects and 47homozygous subjects who were compared for their ratings of sweetness inten-sity and pleasantness. Aqueous solutions of sucrose (0.29M and 0.58M) andaspartame (0.0032M) were reported to be significantly more pleasant for subjects that were heterozygous for the mutant allele than for subjects homo-zygous for the wild-type alleleSurprisingly, this mutation didnot alter sweetness intensity ratings , and detection thresh-olds were not determined on these subjects. These data are significant as thefirst demonstration that such genetic variations in a taste receptor could,through altering sweet preference, also influence food preference.Previous studies show that sensitivity to the bitter compound phenylthio-carbamide (PTC) is a complex inherited trait. Reddy and Rao (1989) havedemonstrated that the variability in PTC thresholds is controlled by a major locus with incomplete dominance as well as by a multifactorial componentwith significant residual heritability. Pedigree segregation analysis supports amodel predicting two genetic loci for the inheritance of PTC taste deficiency,which extends the traditional one-locus recessive model by the addition of either another allele or another locus, and in some cases predicts two types of nontasters . The individual variations in PTC taste sensi-tivity have been associated with a gene on human chromosome 7q that encodesa member of the TAS2R bitter taste receptor family. Three coding single- nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified, giving rise to five haplo-types in this gene worldwide These haplotypes com-pletely account for the inheritance of the classically defined taste insensitivityand for 55–85% of the variance in PTC sensitivity. This gene has a directinfluence on PTC taste sensitivity, and sequence variants at different sitesinteract within the predicted ligand-binding domain of the encoded geneproduct

¼¼°è °¢±¹ ¾îµð¸¦ °¡µµ ±×°÷ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â À½½Ä°ú ÃëÇâÀÌ ´Ù¸£´Ù. ±×¸¸Å­ ³¿»õ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼±È£µµ´Â ¹®È­¿Í ȯ°æÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ¸¹ÀÌ ¹Þ´Â´Ù´Â °Íµµ ÈÄ°¢ÀÇ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ Æ¯Â¡ÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­´Â ¡®³ë·ç¹ß¡¯Ç®ÀÌ ÄµµðÀÇ ¹ÎÆ® ÇâÀ¸·Î ¸¹ÀÌ ¾²À̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ¹Ì±¹ÀÎÀº ÀÌ ÇâÀ» ¸Å¿ì ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù. ¹Ý¸é ¿µ±¹Àο¡°Ô´Â °ú°Å¿¡ ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ÁøÅëÁ¦·Î ¾²¿´´ø °æÇèÀÌ ÀÖ¾î º°·Î À¯ÄèÇÑ ´À³¦À» ÁÖ´Â ÇâÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ³¿»õ´Â »ç°í¹æ½Ä°ú Çൿ¾ç½Ä¿¡µµ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁØ´Ù. ÁÁÀº ³¿»õ°¡ ³ª´Â ȯ°æ¿¡ ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¸é âÀÇÀûÀÎ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î¸¦ ¸¸µé¾î ³»°í, ¿ª°Ü¿î ³¿»õ°¡ ³ª´Â ȯ°æ¿¡¼­´Â °´°üÀûÀÎ ÆÇ´Ü ´É·ÂÀ» ÀÒ°Ô µÇ¸ç ¿å±¸ ºÒ¸¸ »óÅ¿¡ ºüÁö°Ô µÈ´Ù. ³¿»õ´Â ¹«µå, ÀÏÀÇ ´É·ü, Çൿ ÆÐÅÏ¿¡ Ä¿´Ù¶õ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÈÄ°¢ÀÇ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ Áß¿äÇÑ Æ¯Â¡Àº °³Àθ¶´Ù ÆíÂ÷°¡ ¸Å¿ì Å©´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °³¼º¸¸Å­À̳ª ÃëÇâµµ ´Ù¾çÇÏ´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î À¯·´ÀÇ Á¶Çâ»çµéÀÌ ¸ÃÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â È­Çй°Áú ³¿»õ¸¦ Çѱ¹ÀÇ Á¶Çâ»ç´Â ¸ÃÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ²Ï ÀÖ´Ù. Çѱ¹ÀÎÀº ȲÁøÀÌ°¡ Áñ°Ü ½è´Ù´Â »çÇâ³ë·ç Çâ Áï ¸Ó½ºÅ© ÇâÀ» À¯³­È÷ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¸Ó½ºÅ©¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ¡®Ãë¸Í¡¯ÀÌ ÀÖ¾î Çâ¼öȸ»çµéÀº Á¶Çâ»ç¸¦ ä¿ëÇÒ ¶§ ¸Å¿ì ±î´Ù·Î¿î ³¿»õ Å×½ºÆ®¸¦ °ÅÄ£´Ù. ½Ä¹°ÀÇ ¾Æ·Î¸¶ ÇâÀº ¼­±¸¿¡¼­´Â ´ëÁßÀûÀÌÁö¸¸ Çѱ¹¿¡¼­´Â Ưº°ÇÑ ºÎ·ù¸¸ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù.

À̽º¶ó¿¤ ¿ÍÀÌÁ °úÇבּ¸¼Ò µµ·Ð ¶õ¼Â ±³¼ö´Â 2003³â À¯ÀüÇÐ ÀâÁö <³×ÀÌó Áö³×ƽ½º>¿¡ ¿Ö ÀÌó·³ »ç¶÷¸¶´Ù ÈÄ°¢¿¡ Å« Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀÖ´ÂÁö ±Ô¸íÇØ ³í¹®À¸·Î ¹ßÇ¥Çß´Ù. »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÄÚ·Î µé¾î¿Â ºÐÀÚ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ³¿»õ¿Í ÇâÀº Äà¼ÓÀÇ ÈÄ°¢ ¼ö¿ëü°¡ °¨ÁöÇØ ³ú¿¡ Àü´ÞÇÑ´Ù. ÈÄ°¢ ¼ö¿ëü¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â À¯ÀüÀÚ´Â Á¾·ù°¡ 1000°³³ª µÈ´Ù. °¢°¢ÀÇ ¼ö¿ëü´Â Á¦°¢°¢ ´Ù¸¥ ³¿»õ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹ÝÀÀÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ Àΰ£Àº 1¸¸ °¡Áö³ª µÇ´Â ³¿»õ¸¦ ±¸ºÐÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ À̵é ÈÄ°¢ ¼ö¿ëü À¯ÀüÀÚ °¡¿îµ¥ Àý¹Ý ÀÌ»óÀº »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÈÄ°¢ÀÌ ÅðÈ­Çϸ鼭 Áö±ÝÀº ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ´Ù. Àΰ£ÀÌ ³× ¹ß·Î ±â¾î ´Ù´Ï´Ù°¡ µÎ ¹ß·Î ¼­¼­ °È°Ô µÇ¸é¼­ ÈÄ°¢ À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ ½ºÀ§Ä¡¸¦ ²¨¹ö¸° °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¶õ¼Â ±³¼ö´Â »ç¿ëÁßÀÎ ³ª¸ÓÁö ÈÄ°¢ À¯ÀüÀÚ °¡¿îµ¥ 50°³ °¡·®Àº °³Àο¡ µû¶ó È°¼ºÈ­ Á¤µµ°¡ Àú¸¶´Ù ´Þ¶ó ¶È°°Àº ÈÄ°¢À» °¡Áø »ç¶÷Àº °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¹àÇô³Â´Ù.

ÀÎü¿¡´Â ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ±â´ÉÀ» ¼öÇàÇÏ´Â À¯ÀüÀÚ Áý´ÜÀÌ ¿©·µ ÀÖ´Ù. ½Ã°¢ À¯ÀüÀÚ, »ýü½Ã°è À¯ÀüÀÚ, û°¢ À¯ÀüÀÚ µîÀÌ ±×°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÈÄ°¢ À¯ÀüÀÚó·³ °³Àο¡ µû¶ó À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ È°¼ºµµ¿¡ Å« Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ³ª´Â À¯ÀüÀÚ Áý´ÜÀº µå¹°´Ù. ¹°°Ç¿¡ Á¦°¢°¢ ´Ù¸¥ ¹ÙÄڵ尡 ÂïÇô ÀÖµíÀÌ »ç¶÷µµ ÃëÇâÀÇ ¹ÙÄڵ尡 ÀÖ´Â °Í°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö´Ù. ¶õ¼Â ±³¼ö´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ÈÄ°¢ À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ È°¼ºÈ­ ÆÐÅÏ, Áï ÃëÇâÀÌ °³ÀÎ»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¹ÎÁ· Áý´Ü °£¿¡µµ Å« Â÷ÀÌ°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹àÇô³Â´Ù.
È­ÀåÇ°, Çâ¼ö, À½½Ä, À½·á ȸ»ç¿¡´Â ³¿»õ Æò°¡»ç¿Í Á¶Çâ»ç°¡ ÀÖ¾î À̵éÀÌ ¼ÒºñÀÚ¸¦ ´ë½ÅÇØ ¸ÅÀÏ ³¿»õ¸¦ ÆÇ´ÜÇÑ´Ù. ¶õ¼Â ±³¼ö´Â ¾ÕÀ¸·Î À̵é ȸ»ç´Â DNAĨÀ¸·Î Á¶Çâ»ç³ª ³¿»õ Æò°¡»çÀÇ ÈÄ°¢ À¯ÀüÀÚ¸¦ ºÐ¼®ÇØ Ã¤¿ëÇÏ°í, °³ÀÎÀÇ ÃëÇâ¿¡ ¸Â´Â ¡®¸ÂÃã½Ä »óÇ°¡¯À» °³¹ßÇÏ´Â ½Ã´ë°¡ ¿Ã °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸°í ÀÖ´Ù.

»ç¶ûÀ» ±¸ÇÒ ¶§ ¾î¶² °¨°¢ÀÌ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÒ±î. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ½Ã°¢ÀÌ ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¹Àº °æ¿ì À̼º¿¡°Ô È£°¨À» ´À³¢´Â ÀÏÂ÷ÀûÀÎ ¿äÀÎÀÌ ¿Ü¸ðÀÎ °Í¸¸ ºÁµµ ±×·¸´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î Àΰ£Àº ´ë³ú°¡ ¹ß´ÞÇ߱⠶§¹®¿¡ ½Ã°¢¿¡ ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐÀ» ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª µ¿¹°ÀÇ °æ¿ì »ç¶û°ú ÈÄ°¢ÀÌ µ¿ÀϽõDZ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. À̼ºÀ» ã°Å³ª ¼ºÇàÀ§¸¦ Çϴµ¥ »ó´ë¹æÀÇ ÈÄ°¢ÀÌ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. ÀڽŸ¸ÀÇ ¿µ¿ªÀ» Ç¥½ÃÇÒ ¶§µµ ÈÄ°¢À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
µ¿¹°¸¸Å­Àº ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸ Àΰ£µµ À̼ºÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇϴµ¥ ³¿»õ, Áï ÈÄ°¢¿¡ ¾Ë°Ô ¸ð¸£°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ³¿»õ¸¦ ÀνÄÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È ³ú¿¡¼­ °¨¼ºÀ» Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Â ºÎÀ§ÀÎ º¯¿¬°è°¡ °ü¿©Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ³ªºñ°¡ ¦Áþ±â¸¦ ÇÒ ¶§ ¼öÄÆÀº ¾ÏÄÆÀÌ Ã¼¿Ü·Î ¹æÃâÇÑ ±Ø¹Ì·®ÀÇ Æä·Î¸óÀ» °¨ÁöÇØ 10km ¶³¾îÁø °÷¿¡¼­µµ Á¤È®È÷ ¾ÏÄÆ¿¡°Ô·Î ³¯¾Æ°¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. °³³ª »ç½¿ µî Æ÷À¯µ¿¹°ÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐµµ ¦Áþ±â¸¦ Çϱâ Àü¿¡ »ó´ë »ý½Ä±âÀÇ ³¿»õ¸¦ ¸Ã°í ¼ºÀûÀÚ±ØÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù¸é »ç¶÷¿¡°Ôµµ Æä·Î¸óÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¸»Àϱî. »ç¶÷ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡µµ Æä·Î¸óÀÌ ¹æÃâµÇ°í ±× ³¿»õ¿¡ ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ´Â Á¤µµ°¡ ¸¶Ä¡ Áö¹®Ã³·³ »ç¶÷¸¶´Ù ´Ù¸¦ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾ÆÁ÷±îÁö »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô¼­ Á÷Á¢ Æä·Î¸óÀ» ÃßÃâÇس½ ÀûÀº ¾ø´Ù.
½º¿þµ§ Ä«·Ñ¸°½ºÄ«´ë À̹ÝÄ« »çºò ¹Ú»çÆÀÀº ¡®¹Ì±¹ ±¹¸³°úÇпøȸº¸¡¯(PNAS) ÃÖ½ÅÈ£¿¡ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÑ ³í¹®¿¡¼­ ¿©¼ºµé°ú µ¿¼º¾Ö ³²¼ºµéÀº ³²¼ºÀÇ ¶¡¿¡ µé¾î Àִ ȣ¸£¸ó¿¡ ¶È°°ÀÌ ÀÚ±ØÀ» ¹Þ´Â´Ù´Â ¿¬±¸°á°ú¸¦ ¹àÇû´Ù. ¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº ¿©¼ºµé°ú µ¿¼º¾Ö ³²¼ºµé¿¡°Ô ³²¼ºÈ£¸£¸óÀÎ Å×½ºÅ佺Å׷аú ¿©¼ºÈ£¸£¸óÀÎ ¿¡½ºÆ®·Î°Õ ³¿»õ¸¦ ¸Ã°Ô ÇÏ°í ¾çÀüÀÚ¹æÃâ´ÜÃþÃÔ¿µÀ¸·Î ³ú ¹ÝÀÀÀ» °üÂûÇß´Ù. ±× °á°ú Å×½ºÅ佺Å×·Ð ³¿»õ¸¦ ¸ÃÀº µÚ µ¿¼º¾Ö ³²¼º°ú À̼º¾Ö ¿©¼ºÀº ¼º ÇൿÀ» °üÀåÇÏ´Â ³ú ºÎºÐÀÌ °­ÇÑ ¹ÝÀÀÀ» º¸¿´À¸¸ç, À̼º¾Ö ³²¼ºÀº ¾Æ¹« º¯È­°¡ ¾ø¾ú´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ³ú¿¡¼­ µ¿¼º¾Ö ³²¼º°ú À̼º¾Ö ¿©¼ºÀÇ ¹ÝÀÀÀº ½Ã»óÇϺΠ¿µ¿ª¿¡ ÁýÁߵƴÙ. ¶Ç °£³ú¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼ºÇൿ¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ È£¸£¸ó°ú °¨°¢¹ÝÀÀÀ» °üÀåÇÏ´Â ½Ã°¢±³Â÷¾Õ±¸¿ªµµ È°¹ßÇÑ È°¼ºÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹àÇôÁ³´Ù.
ÀÌ¿Í ¹Ý´ë·Î ¿¡½ºÆ®·Î°Õ ³¿»õ¸¦ ¸Ã°Ô ÇßÀ» ¶§ µ¿¼º¾Ö ³²¼º°ú À̼º¾Ö ¿©¼ºÀº ÈÄ°¢À» °üÀåÇÏ´Â ³ú ºÎÀ§¿¡¼­¸¸ ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ÀÖ¾úÀ» »ÓÀÌ°í, À̼º¾Ö ³²¼ºÀº »ý½ÄÀ» °üÀåÇÏ´Â ³ú ºÎÀ§¿¡¼­ °­·ÂÇÑ È°¼ºÀ» º¸¿´´Ù. ¶óº¥´õ³ª ½Ã´õ Çâ °°Àº ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ³¿»õ¸¦ ¸Ã°Ô ÇßÀ» ¶§´Â ¼¼ ±×·ì ¸ðµÎ ÈÄ°¢À» °üÀåÇÏ´Â ³ú ºÎÀ§¸¸ ¹ÝÀÀÀ» º¸¿´´Ù.
¿¬±¸ÆÀÀº ³í¹®¿¡¼­ ¡°ÀÌ ½ÇÇèÀº Àΰ£ÀÇ ³ú°¡ µÎ °¡Áö ¼ºÈ£¸£¸ó¿¡ °¢°¢ ´Þ¸® ¹ÝÀÀÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³ªÅ¸³»¸ç ¼ºÀû ¼ºÇâ°ú ³ú È°µ¿ ºÎÀ§ °£¿¡ »ó°ü°ü°è°¡ ÀÖÀ½À» º¸¿©Áش١±°í ¹àÇû´Ù. Áï ÀÌ´Â µ¿¼º¾ÖÀÚÀÇ ³ú ±¸Á¶°¡ À̼º¾ÖÀÚ¿Í ¾îµò°¡ ´Ù¸£¸ç, ¼ºÀû ÃëÇâ ¿ª½Ã ÈÄõÀûÀÎ °Ô ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¼±ÃµÀûÀÏ °¡´É¼ºÀ» Á¦½ÃÇÏ´Â °á°ú¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


ÈÄ°¢ÀÌ ¼±ÃµÀû ¼º ÃëÇâÀÇ ±Ù°Å
¹Ì±¹ ¸ð³Ú È­Çа¨°¢¿¬±¸¼ÒÀÇ Âû½º À§¼ÒÅ° ¹Ú»ç´Â µ¿¼º¾Ö¿Í À̼º¾Ö ³²³àµéÀ» ¼ºÀû ¼ºÇâÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÇ °Üµå¶ûÀÌ ¶¡ ³¿»õ¿¡ ³ëÃâ½ÃÄѺôÙ. ¶¡¿¡´Â º¸Åë ±× »ç¶÷ÀÌ °®°í Àִ ȣ¸£¸ó ¼ººÐÀÌ µé¾îÀÖ´Ù. ½ÇÇè °á°ú µ¿¼º¾Ö ³²¼ºÀº À̼º¾Ö ³²¼º, À̼º¾Ö ¿©¼º, µ¿¼º¾Ö ¿©¼º°ú ¸ðµÎ ¹Ý´ë ¹ÝÀÀÀ» ³ªÅ¸³Â´Ù. Áï µ¿¼º¾Ö ³²¼ºÀº °°Àº µ¿¼º¾Ö ³²¼ºÀÇ ³¿»õ¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ ¹Ý¸é À̼º¾Ö ³²³à¿Í µ¿¼º¾Ö ¿©¼º ¸ðµÎ µ¿¼º¾Ö ³²¼ºÀÇ ³¿»õ¸¦ ½È¾îÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù.
ÀÌ °°Àº °á°ú¿¡ ´ëÇØ Ä³³ª´Ù ¸Æ¸¶½ºÅÍ´ë ÀÇ´ë ¸¶ÀÌŬ µå±×·çÆ® ¹Ú»ç´Â ¡°¼ºÀû ¼ºÇâÀÌ »ý¹°ÇÐÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÌÁö ½ÀµæµÈ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´ÔÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â Áõ°Å¡±¶ó°í ¸»Çß´Ù. ¾ËÃ÷ÇÏÀ̸Ӻ´ ȯÀÚ ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ ¹ßº´ Ãʱ⿡ ÈÄ°¢À» ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸®´Â Áõ»óÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù¸é ÈÄ°¢»ó½Ç °Ë»ç·Î ¾ËÃ÷ÇÏÀ̸Ӻ´À» Á¶±â¿¡ Áø´ÜÇÏ°í Ä¡·áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î.
ÀÌ¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ¿¬±¸¿¡ µû¸£¸é ¾ËÃ÷ÇÏÀ̸Ӻ´¿¡ °ü¿©ÇÏ´Â ³ú ´Ü¹éÁúÀÎ ¡®Å¸¿ì¡¯(tau)¸¦ °úÀ×»ý»êÇÏ´Â ½ÇÇè¿ë »ýÁã´Â ÈÄ°¢»ó½Ç Áõ»óÀ» º¸Àδٰí ÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ Ÿ¿ì°¡ ÈÄ°¢»ó½ÇÀÇ ¿øÀÎ ¹°ÁúÀÏ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¹®Á¦´Â ÈÄ°¢»ó½ÇÀÌ ¾ËÃ÷ÇÏÀ̸Ӻ´ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ ´Ù¸¥ ȯÀÚ¿¡¼­µµ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. ¸¹Àº ÆÄŲ½¼º´ ȯÀÚµµ ¹ßº´ Ãʱ⿡ ÈÄ°¢»ó½Ç Áõ»óÀ» º¸ÀδÙ.

³¿»õ´Â ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ±â¾ïÀ» »ý°¢³ª°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ Ææ½Çº£ÀÌ´Ï¾Æ´ë ºê·ç½º Åõ·¹½ºÅ° ±³¼ö´Â ¡°³¿»õ´Â ¸Å¿ì °­·ÂÇÑ °¨Á¤ÀÇ ÀÚ±ØÁ¦¡±¶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ Á¤½Åº´°ú ¿¬°üµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í Çß´Ù. Åõ·¹½ºÅ° ±³¼öÆÀÀÌ Á¤½ÅºÐ¿­º´ ȯÀÚ 26¸íÀÇ ÈÄ°¢¸Á¿ï Å©±â¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÑ °á°ú Á¤»óÀκ¸´Ù Æò±Õ 23%³ª ÀÛ¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌ´Â Á¤½ÅºÐ¿­º´ ȯÀÚ°¡ ÈÄ°¢´É·Â¿¡ ÀÌ»óÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ý¹°ÇÐÀû ±Ù°Å¸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸î¸î ³¿»õ´Â ½É¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁ³´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ·¹¸ó ÇâÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °Ç°­¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀνÄÀ» Áõ°¡½ÃŲ´Ù. ¶óº¥´õ ÇâÀº ±âºÐÀ» Áñ°Ì°Ô ÇØÁÖÁö¸¸, ¼öÇÐÀû ´É·ÂÀ» °¨¼Ò½ÃŲ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. À¯Ä®¸³Åõ½º ÇâÀº È£ÈíÀ» Áõ°¡½ÃÅ°°í Á¤½ÅÀ» ¸¼°Ô Çϸç, Àå¹ÌÀ¯ÀÇ ±¸¼º¼ººÐÀÎ Ææ¿¡Æ¿¾ËÄÝ ÇâÀº Ç÷¾ÐÀ» °¨¼Ò½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸°íµÆ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¹ß°ßµéÀÌ ¾Æ·Î¸¶Å׶óÇÇ(aromatherapy) »ê¾÷ÀÇ ¹ßÀüÀ» °¡Á®¿Ô´Ù. ±âºÐÀÌ Çâ¿¡ µû¶ó ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

»ç¶÷µéÀÌ Àú¸¶´Ù ´Ù¸¥ Çâ¼ö¸¦ ¼±È£ÇÏ´Â ±î´ß

Çâ¼ö¸¦ ¾²´Â ±î´ßÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °íÀ¯ÇÑ Ã¼Ã븦 ´õ °­Á¶Çϱâ À§Çؼ­¶ó´Â °¡¼³Àº ÀÇ·ù, È­ÀåÇ°, ¾×¼¼¼­¸® µî¿¡¼­ ã¾Æ º¼ ¼ö ¾ø´Â, Çâ¼ö »ê¾÷¸¸ÀÇ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ Çö»óÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏ´Â Áß¿äÇÑ ´Ü¼­°¡ µÈ´Ù. ¹Ù·Î Çâ¼ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼±È£´Â »ç¶÷µé¸¶´Ù Á¦°¢±â õÂ÷¸¸º°À̸ç À¯Çà¿¡ Àß ÈֵѸ®Áö ¾Ê´Â Çö»óÀÌ´Ù. Á¤È®È÷ ¸»Çϸé, Çâ¼ö¿¡´Â À¯Çà ÀÚü°¡ °ÅÀÇ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÔÀ» ¸ð¾Æ, ¾Æ´Ï ÄÚ¸¦ ¸ð¾Æ º¸ÆíÀûÀ¸·Î ¼±È£ÇÏ´Â Çâ¼ö À¯ÇüÀ̶õ ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ¿À´Ã³¯ Àü¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Àß Æȸ®´Â Çâ¼ö ºê·£µåµéÀÌ Àû¾îµµ 50³â ÀÌ»ó ¹¬Àº °í»ö⿬ÇÑ ºê·£µåµéÀ̶ó´Â »ç½Ç¿¡¼­µµ È®ÀεȴÙ. °Ö¶û(Guerlain)ÀÇ ¡®¹ÌÃ÷ÄÚ(Mitsouko) Çâ¼ö¡¯´Â »ïÀϿÀÌ ÀϾ ÇØÀÎ 1919³â¿¡ óÀ½ Ãâ½ÃµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¡®»þ³Ú ³Ñ¹ö ÆÄÀ̺ê(Channel No. 5)¡¯ Çâ¼ö´Â 1921³â¿¡, ´Ï³ª ¸®Ä¡(Nina Ricci)ÀÇ ¡®·¹¸£µÚ¶¥(L¡¯Air du Temps)¡¯ Çâ¼ö´Â 1948³â¿¡ óÀ½ Ãâ½ÃµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÇÑ ¸¶µð·Î »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÚ±â ÃëÇâ¿¡ ¸Â´Â Çâ¼ö À¯ÇüÀ» Àú¸¶´Ù ²ÙÁØÈ÷ ¼±È£ÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀδÙ.
Çâ¼ö ¼±È£¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Ø½ÉÇÑ °³ÀÎÂ÷¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â ¿­¼è´Â MHC, Áï ÁÖÁ¶Á÷ÀûÇÕ¼º º¹ÇÕü(major histocompatibility complex)¶ó´Â ¿¬°üµÈ À¯ÀüÀÚµéÀÇ ¸ðÀÓÀÌ´Ù. MHC À¯ÀüÀÚ´Â ¸» ±×´ë·Î Á¶Á÷ÀûÇÕ¼º, Áï ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÇ Á¶Á÷À̽ÄÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆÁÖ´Â ¼ºÁúÀ» °áÁ¤Çϴµ¥ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù.  MHC À¯ÀüÀÚ´Â ´Ü Çϳª°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ µ¿µîÇÑ ¹öÀüµéÀÌ ¿©·µ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. Èï¹Ì·Ó°Ôµµ, ¼ö¸¹Àº MHC À¯ÀüÀÚµé °¡¿îµ¥ ³»°¡ ¾î¶² MHC À¯ÀüÀÚ¸¦ °¡Á³´Â°¡¿¡ µû¶ó ³»°¡ dz±â´Â üÃë°¡ ´Þ¶óÁú »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ³»°¡ ¼±È£ÇÏ´Â ¹è¿ìÀÚµµ ´Þ¶óÁø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÔÁõÇÏ´Â »ç·ÊµéÀÌ Áã¿Í Àΰ£¿¡¼­ ¼Ó¼ÓµéÀÌ º¸°íµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹ÄÁ´ë Áã´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Áö´Ñ MHC À¯ÀüÀÚ¿Í ´Ù¸¥ MHC À¯ÀüÀÚ¸¦ Áö´Ñ »ó´ë¸¦ ¹è¿ìÀÚ°¨À¸·Î ¼±È£ÇÑ´Ù.
½ºÀ§½ºÀÇ ÁøÈ­»ý¹°ÇÐÀÚ Å¬¶ó¿ì½º º£µ¥Å²Æ®(Claus Wedekind)¿Í ±× µ¿·á´Â ¿©¼ºµéÀÌ ¾î¶² ³²¼ºÀÇ Ã¼Ãë¿¡ ¸ÅȤµÉÁö´Â ÀڽŰú »ó´ë ³²¼ºÀÇ MHC À¯ÀüÀÚ°¡ ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥Áö ¿©ºÎ¿¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖÀ½À» ÀÔÁõÇß´Ù. [2] ¸ÕÀú ³²ÀÚ ´ëÇлýµéÀÌ ÀÌƲ µ¿¾È Ƽ¼ÅÃ÷¸¦ ÀÔ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ±â°£ µ¿¾È ¸¶´Ãó·³ ³¿»õ°¡ ³ª´Â À½½Äµµ ¸ø ¸Ô°Ô ÇÏ°í, ¼ú°ú ´ã¹èµµ ±ÝÁö½ÃŲ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¼ö°ÅÇÑ Æ¼¼ÅÃ÷µéÀ» Çà¿© °Üµå¶ûÀÌ ³¿»õ°¡ ´Þ¾Æ³¯ »õ¶ó Á¶½É½º·¹ ¹ÐºÀÇؼ­ ³Ãµ¿ º¸°üÇÑ´Ù. ³Ãµ¿½Ç¿¡ ²¨³½ °¢ Ƽ¼ÅÃ÷µéÀÇ ³¿»õ¸¦ ¸ÃÀº ¿©ÇлýµéÀº ÀڽŰú ´Ù¸¥ MHC À¯ÀüÀÚ¸¦ Áö´Ñ ³²ÇлýÀÌ ÀÔ¾ú´ø Ƽ¼ÅÃ÷¿¡¼­ ÁÁÀº ³¿»õ°¡ ³­´Ù°í ´ë´äÇß´Ù. ÀÌ ¿¬±¸¿Í ¦À» ÀÌ·ç´Â ´Ù¸¥ ¿¬±¸¿¡¼­´Â ³²¼ºµéµµ ÀڽŰú ´Ù¸¥ MHC À¯ÀüÀÚ¸¦ Áö´Ñ ¿©¼ºÀÇ Ã¼Ã븦 ¼±È£ÇÑ´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ ¹àÇôÁ³´Ù.
¿Ö ÀÌó·³ ÀڽŰú »óÀÌÇÑ MHC À¯ÀüÀÚ¸¦ Áö´Ñ À̼º¿¡°Ô Ȧµü ¹ÝÇÏ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ¾ÆÁ÷ °úÇÐÀÚµé »çÀÌ¿¡ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÇÕÀÇ°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº »óÅ´Ù. ÇÑ °¡¼³Àº ±ÙÄ£°£ÀÇ Â¦Áþ±â¸¦ ÅëÇØ Å¾ ÀÚ½ÄÀº À¯ÀüÀû ÀÌ»óÀ» Áö´Ï°í ž È®·üÀÌ ¸Å¿ì ³ô±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ±ÙÄ£°£ÀÇ Â¦Áþ±â¸¦ ÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¹æÆíÀ¸·Î ÀڽŰú ´Ù¸¥ MHC À¯ÀüÀÚÀÇ ³¿»õ¿¡ ²ø¸°´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù.
¾î·µç, ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â Çâ¼ö°¡ »ç¶÷µé¸¶´Ù õÂ÷¸¸º°ÀÎ ±î´ßÀº °¢±â ´Ù¸¥ MHC À¯ÀüÀÚ¸¦ Áö´Ñ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ Ã¼Ã븦 ³Î¸® ±¤°íÇϱâ À§ÇØ °¢±â ´Ù¸¥ Çâ¼ö¸¦ ¼±È£Çϱ⠶§¹®À̶ó°í º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÁøÈ­»ý¹°ÇÐÀÚÀÎ ¸¸ÇÁ·¹µå ¹Ð¸°½ºÅ°(Manfred Milinski)¿Í º£µ¥Å²Æ®´Â ÀÌ °¡¼³À» °ËÁõÇϱâ À§ÇØ 137¸íÀÇ ³²³à ´ëÇлýµé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ½ÃÁß¿¡¼­ ÆǸÅÇÏ´Â 36Á¾ÀÇ Çâ¼öµéÀ» Æò°¡ÇÏ°Ô Çß´Ù. ±×¸®°í ´ç½Å ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÀÌ·± üÃë°¡ ³ª±æ ¿øÇϽʴϱ °ú ¡°´ç½ÅÀÇ ¾ÖÀÎÀÌ ÀÌ·± üÃë°¡ ³ª±æ ¿øÇϽʴϱî?¡±¶ó´Â µÎ Áú¹®¿¡ ´äÇÏ°Ô Çß´Ù. [3]
ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Áö´Ñ MHC À¯ÀüÀÚ°¡ ³» üÃ븦 Á¤¸»·Î °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ½ÇÇè Âü¿©ÀÚÀÇ MHC À¯ÀüÀÚ¿Í ¡°³»°¡¡± ¾²°í ½ÍÀº Çâ¼ö »çÀÌ¿¡´Â À¯ÀǹÌÇÑ »ó°ü °ü°è°¡ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ³» ¾ÖÀÎÀÇ MHC À¯ÀüÀÚ°¡ ´ÜÁö ³» MHC À¯ÀüÀÚ¿Í ´Ù¸£±â¸¸ ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù¸é, ½ÇÇè Âü¿©ÀÚ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ MHC À¯ÀüÀÚ¿Í ¡°³» ¾ÖÀÎÀÌ¡± ¾²±æ ¿øÇÏ´Â Çâ¼ö »çÀÌ¿¡´Â ¾î¶² »ó°ü°ü°èµµ ¾ø¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹Ãø´ë·Î, ½ÇÇè Âü¿©ÀÚ°¡ ¾î¶² MHC À¯ÀüÀÚµéÀ» Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö´Â ¡°³»°¡¡± ¾²°í ½ÍÀº Çâ¼ö°¡ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ½Åºù¼º ÀÖ°Ô ¿¹ÃøÇØ ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¡°³» ¾ÖÀÎÀÌ¡± ¾²±æ ¿øÇÏ´Â Çâ¼ö°¡ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö´Â ƯÁ¤ÇÏ°Ô ²¿Áý¾î ¿¹ÃøÇØÁÖÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ³»°¡ ¾µ Çâ¼ö´Â ³» MHC À¯ÀüÀÚ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °áÁ¤µÈ ³» üÃ븦 °­È­ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Ï Æ¯Á¤ÇÑ À¯ÇüÀÇ Çâ¼ö·Î È®°íÇÏ°Ô Á¤ÇØÁ® ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¾ÖÀο¡°Ô ¼±¹°ÇÏ°í ½ÍÀº Çâ¼ö´Â ³»°¡ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â À¯ÇüÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ °Íµé Áß¿¡¼­ ¾Æ¹« °Å³ª °í¸¥´Ù´Â ¸»ÀÌ´Ù.
Çâ¼ö ¼±È£¿¡´Â °¢ÀÚÀÇ MHC À¯ÀüÀÚÇü¿¡ µû¶ó °áÁ¤µÈ ±Ø½ÉÇÑ °³ÀÎÂ÷°¡ Á¸ÀçÇϹǷΠ´©±¸³ª ¼±È£ÇÏ´Â Áö»ó ÃÖ°íÀÇ Çâ¼ö´Â ¾Æ¸¶ ¾ÕÀ¸·Îµµ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

2002³â ÃÊ, °úÇÐ Àü¹® Àú³Î '³×ÀÌó Áö³×ƽ½º(Nature Genetics)'¿¡ ½Ç¸° ¸¶»ç ¸ÅŬ¸°Åå(Matha K. McClintock) ¹Ú»çÀÇ ³í¹®¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é »ç¶÷µéÀÌ À̼º¿¡°Ô ²ø¸®´Â µ¥´Â ÈÄ°¢ÀÌ ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.  »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô´Â °³Àθ¶´Ù µ¶Æ¯ÇÑ Ã¼Ãë°¡ ÀÖ´ä´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ÈçÈ÷ '»ì ³¿»õ'¶ó°í ºÎ¸£´Â ¹¦ÇÑ ³¿»õ Àä, ÀÌ ³¿»õ´Â ¿ì¸® ¸öÀÇ ¸é¿ª ¼¼Æ÷¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â MHC(major histocompatibility complex)¶ó´Â ¹°Áú ¶§¹®¿¡ ³ª´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î °³Àθ¶´Ù ´Ù¸¥ ³¿»õ¸¦ ³»°Ô ÇÑ´ä´Ï´Ù. (¹°·Ð ±× Â÷ÀÌ´Â ±×¸® Å©Áö ¾Ê¾Æ¼­ ³¿»õ¸¸À¸·Î »ç¶÷À» ±¸º°ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾î·ÆÁö¸¸ ¸»ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.)  ¸ÅŬ¸°Åå ¹Ú»ç´Â ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ MHC ŸÀÔÀ» °¡Áø ³²¼º 6¸í¿¡°Ô 48½Ã°£ µ¿¾È °°Àº ¼ÅÃ÷¸¦ ÀÔÇô¼­ ±×µéÀÇ Ã¼Ãë°¡ ¼ÅÃ÷¿¡ È컶 ¹è°Ô ÇÏ°í´Â ¹ÌÈ¥ ¿©¼ºµé¿¡°Ô ÀÌ ¼ÅÃ÷ÀÇ ³¿»õ¸¦ ¸Ã°Ô ÇÏ¿© °¡Àå ²ø¸®´Â ³¿»õ°¡ ¾î¶² °ÍÀÎÁö Á¡¼ö¸¦ ¸Å±â´Â ½ÇÇèÀ» Çß½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¨´õ´Ï ¿©¼ºµéÀº À¯ÀüÀû Ư¼º, Áï MHC ŸÀÔ¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ³¿»õ¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇß´Ù°í ÇØ¿ä. Àç¹ÌÀÖ°Ôµµ ¿©¼º ÀÚ¿øÀÚµéÀÌ °¡Àå ¼±È£ÇÏ´Â ³¿»õ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁöÀÇ MHC ŸÀÔ°ú ºñ½ÁÇÑ ³²¼ºÀ̾ú´ä´Ï´Ù.    ¸ÅŬ¸°Åå ¹Ú»ç´Â ³í¹®¿¡¼­ ¿©¼ºµéÀº óÀ½ ¸¸³­ ³²¼ºÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÑ Ã¼Ã븦 °¡Á³À» ¶§ °¡Àå °­ÇÏ°Ô ²ø¸°´Ù°í Á¶½É½º·¹ °á·ÐÀ» ³»·È½À´Ï´Ù. Áï, ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾î¶² À̸¦ óÀ½ ¸¸³µÀ½¿¡µµ ³¸¼³Áö ¾Ê°Ô ÀνÄÇÏ°í, ±×¿¡°Ô ²ø¸®´Â ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ À¯ÀüÀÚ ¼Ó¿¡ ¼û¾î ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ°í, ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÈÄ°¢ÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¿ì¸®ÀÇ »î¿¡ °­·ÂÇÑ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ¡°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» °£Á¢ÀûÀ¸·Î Áõ¸íÇÑ ¼ÀÀÌÁö¿ä.

a. Genetic Variation. It is recognized that there are five primary tastes: sweet, sour,bitter, salty, and umami.

Taste is sensed by taste receptors located within the taste buds. There are four types of taste buds, and an average of about 9000 taste buds in adults. A taste component must be dissolved in saliva and physically enter the clove-shaped taste bud.

Taste acuity is:
• Positively correlated to the number of taste pores on the tongue; the average is 70 fungiform papillae per cm2, but so-called hypertasters, or supertasters,
possess more than 100 per cm2.
• Many taste receptors can sense more than one taste; as such, the tongue does not have areas that detect certain tastes exclusively.
• Receptors of similar sensitivity are grouped together on the tongue.
• Individual receptor neurons may react differently to one or more compounds.
• Protein(s) associated with taste buds play a role in promoting taste reception.

We conducted a sensory exercise with winemakers that demonstrated the genetic variation among us with regard to perceiving a certain type of bitterness. The PTC test (blue paper) demonstrated variability as a result of genomics. PTC (phenylthiocarbamide) is a well-documented example of how dramatically people vary in their ability to taste bitterness. While this test is for certain types of bitterness found in wine, it has not been directly correlated with wine bitterness detection.

We evaluated two other test papers (yellow and pink) which contained thiourea and sodium benzoate, respectively. These papers highlight the differences in taste perception for simple compounds. Most evaluators suggested that the yellow paper was either bitter or had no taste, while the pink paper was perceived as sweet, salty, bitter, or no taste at all. It has been reported that a non-taster of the PTC will not note a bitter taste response to the sodium benzoate.

If a single chemical component can elicit a multitude of different descriptors, it is not difficult to imagine why, in a complex matrix such as wine, we have trouble reaching a consensus.

b. Biological Variation. In order to taste something, the tastant must be dissolved in or mixed with saliva. The number of both taste buds, and sensory receptors per taste bud, declines past middle age, although age-related sensory loss is not known to seriously limit wine tasting ability.

There is about a 10-fold difference in saliva production among humans. Taste receptors are replaced every 7-10 days. There is less reception in smokers and the elderly, where cell regeneration may be slow.

Wine stimulates salivary flow, which both dilutes and modifies wine chemistry. The proline-rich proteins of saliva, which make up about 70% of salivary proteins, effectively bind tannin. The result is to reduce bitterness by lowering their ability to react with bittersensing receptor proteins.

Saliva chemistry changes throughout the day (affecting its buffering action) and often differs between individuals. People also differ notably in their saliva flow rates which, among other things, can affect how quickly an individual may react to tastants (Fischer et al., 1994).

Acuity is generally measured as a detection threshold, the lowest concentration at which a substance can be detected. Thresholds differ notably among individuals and classes of wine components.

Adaptation is a short-term loss in acuity, associated with extended exposure to a tastant. Adaptation to a tastant can become complete. It is recommended that wine evaluators properly cleanse their palate and sense of smell between samples.

Cross adaptation refers to the effect of adaptation to one compound affecting perception of another. Some of the effects are easy to comprehend, for example the apparently sweet sensation of water after tasting bitter or acidic solutions.

Cross adaptation can occur in a multiple-comparison evaluations where wine one has a lingering effect on wine two. In an example conducted during a winemakers sensory training session, we tasted lemonade, followed by what I suggested was water. The water (which actually contained some sugar) impacted the perception of the sugar/acid balance of the lemonade (McBurney and Bartoshuk, 1973).

Tasting order can have an impact on wine perception due to cross adaptation. Order error refers to the differences in perception owing to the order in which wines are sampled. This is why, in a true sensory evaluation, all evaluators would not taste the wines in the same order.




ÆäÀ̽ººÏ       ¹æ¸í·Ï      ¼öÁ¤ 2015-11-18 / µî·Ï 2010-10-22 / Á¶È¸ : 16959 (627)



¿ì¸®ÀÇ °Ç°­À» ÇØÄ¡´Â ºÒ·®Áö½ÄÀÌ ¾ø´Â ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ¼¼»óÀ» ²Þ²Ù¸ç ...  2009.12  ÃÖ³«¾ð


¡¡